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检验领域-细胞学技术方向

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细胞学技术是指研究细胞的方法。
影响因子:25.02
发表时间:2021-01-01
来源期刊:PubMed
DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_6
作者列表:["Atabati H","Yazdanpanah E","Mortazavi H","Bajestani SG","Raoofi A","Esmaeili SA","Khaledi A","Saburi E","Afshari JT","Sathyapalan T","Moghaddam AS","Sahebkar A"]

METHODS::Gut microbiota has essential roles in the prevention and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The association between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS) or immune system response of MS patients has been documented in many studies. The composition of the gut microbiota could lead to sensitization or resistance against promotion and development of MS disease. Probiotics are the major part of gut microflorapopulation and could be substituted with tolerogenic probiotics that protect the CNS against autoimmune responses. Tolerogenic probiotics with anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties have effects on intestinal flora and can reestablish regulatory mucosal and systemic immune responses. Probiotics are able to prevent and restore excessive activation of inflammatory responses, especially autoreactive T cells and inflammatory cytokines. Tolerogenic probiotics, through induction of regulatory T cells and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines, play a crucial role in controlling inflammation and maintaining tolerance and hemostasis. Therefore, probiotics can be considered as a preventive or therapeutic tool in MS. In the present review, we focus on the immunoregulatory effects of tolerogenic probiotics on the severity of disease, as well as Th1, Th2, and Treg populations in different experimental and human studies of MS.

影响因子:25.02
发表时间:2021-01-01
来源期刊:PubMed
DOI:10.17116/jnevro202112102167
作者列表:["Melnikov MV","Pashenkov MV","Boyko AN"]

METHODS::Dopamine is a direct mediator of neuroimmune interactions. Recent studies show that by acting on the dopaminergic receptors, it is possible to modulate Th17-immune response, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Dopamine can modulate Th17 cells function as well as dendritic cell-mediated Th17-immune response that allows considering dopaminergic receptors as a new therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis. In this short communication, the prospects of using dopaminergic therapy as a pathogenetic treatment for multiple sclerosis are discussed. :Дофамин является прямым медиатором нейроиммунных взаимодействий. Исследования последних лет показали, что путем воздействия на рецепторы дофамина потенциально возможно модулировать Th17-иммунный ответ, имеющий решающее значение в патогенезе рассеянного склероза. Установлено влияние дофамина как на функции Th17-клеток, так и на индуцируемый дендритными клетками Th17-иммунный ответ, что позволяет рассматривать рецепторы дофамина как терапевтическую мишень при рассеянном склерозе. В коротком сообщении обсуждаются перспективы применения дофаминергической терапии в качестве патогенетического лечения рассеянного склероза.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:25.02
发表时间:2021-01-01
来源期刊:PubMed
DOI:10.17116/jnevro202112102179
作者列表:["Sanadze AG","Gilvanova OV"]

METHODS::Muscle atrophy is uncommon in myasthenia gravis. There are some reports in the literature of muscle atrophy in MUSK-positive myasthenia gravis. The authors present eight cases of AChR-positive myasthenia gravis associated with muscle atrophy. Symmetrical atrophy of the forearms with preserved hand muscles was identified in six cases and scapular winging in two cases. Atrophy appeared 3-18 years after the onset of myasthenia gravis and after a period of progression, the condition was stabilized. In all cases, there were no pain syndrome, no sensory loss, normal creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, no significant abnormality on MRI of the cervical spine. Concomitant neuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neuromuscular diseases were excluded. All patients underwent quantitative electromyography and repetitive nerve stimulation. The authors suggest that the atrophy is not the sign of myasthenia gravis in this case and is caused by other neuromuscular diseases. :Мышечные атрофии нехарактерны для миастении. В литературе есть отдельные описания атрофий мышц при MUSK-позитивной миастении. Мы представляем 8 случаев АХР-позитивной миастении, ассоциированной с мышечными атрофиями. В 6 случаях отмечались симметричные атрофии предплечий при сохранных мышцах кистей, в 2 — проксимальные атрофии с развитием крыловидных лопаток. Атрофии появлялись через 3—18 лет от дебюта миастении и после периода прогрессирования отмечалась стабилизация состояния. Во всех случаях отсутствовали болевой синдром и сенсорные нарушения, отмечалось нормальное содержание креатинфосфокиназы, не было выявлено значимых изменений на МРТ шейного отдела позвоночника и были исключены сопутствующие нейропатии, боковой амиотрофический склероз и другие нервно-мышечные заболевания. Всем пациентам проведены игольчатая электромиография и декремент-тест. Авторы полагают, что выявленные атрофии являются сочетанием миастении с другими заболеваниями нейромоторного аппарата, а не проявлением миастении.

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01BACKGROUND:Advanced age is associated with comorbidities and immune system impairment, which may influence the efficacy and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There is evidence that anti-PD1 antibodies in advanced melanoma are equally effective in patients >65 years. However, data on patients >75 years are lacking as co-morbidities and logistics often exclude them from clinical trials. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of older patients with advanced melanoma undergoing any-line treatment with an anti-PD1 (nivolumab/pembrolizumab) to investigate its clinical effectiveness and toxicity in a real-life setting. Clinical response was assessed using RECIST criteria and toxicity was evaluated according to CTCAE 4.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model was used to assess potential prognostic factors. RESULTS:174 patients were considered; 59.2% males, median age 79 years (range 75-93). The majority had a performance status of 0 and normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (55.2% and 52.4%, respectively). 69.1% had multiple co-morbidities. 56.9% received nivolumab. 36.7% of cases showed an objective response and the disease control rate was 56.3%. Median OS was 17.2 months [95% CI: 8.87-not reached] and a better prognosis was observed for patients with normal LDH (p < .001) and lower performance status (p < .001). Treatment was well tolerated, only 11 patients experiencing severe (grade 3/4) toxicity. There were no treatment-related deaths. Adverse events were managed with corticosteroids and additional immunosuppressive agents were unnecessary. CONCLUSIONS:Anti-PD1 antibodies appear effective and well tolerated in older patients with advanced melanoma. 01BACKGROUND:Advanced age is associated with comorbidities and immune system impairment, which may influence the efficacy and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There is evidence that anti-PD1 antibodies in advanced melanoma are equally effective in patients >65 years. However, data on patients >75 years are lacking as co-morbidities and logistics often exclude them from clinical trials. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of older patients with advanced melanoma undergoing any-line treatment with an anti-PD1 (nivolumab/pembrolizumab) to investigate its clinical effectiveness and toxicity in a real-life setting. Clinical response was assessed using RECIST criteria and toxicity was evaluated according to CTCAE 4.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model was used to assess potential prognostic factors. RESULTS:174 patients were considered; 59.2% males, median age 79 years (range 75-93). The majority had a performance status of 0 and normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (55.2% and 52.4%, respectively). 69.1% had multiple co-morbidities. 56.9% received nivolumab. 36.7% of cases showed an objective response and the disease control rate was 56.3%. Median OS was 17.2 months [95% CI: 8.87-not reached] and a better prognosis was observed for patients with normal LDH (p < .001) and lower performance status (p < .001). Treatment was well tolerated, only 11 patients experiencing severe (grade 3/4) toxicity. There were no treatment-related deaths. Adverse events were managed with corticosteroids and additional immunosuppressive agents were unnecessary. CONCLUSIONS:Anti-PD1 antibodies appear effective and well tolerated in older patients with advanced melanoma.

IF:3.06

发表时间:2020-01-09

研究方向:细胞学技术

02:Background and Purpose- The risk of arterial ischemic events after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is poorly understood given the lack of a control group in prior studies. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with and without ICH. Methods- We performed a retrospective cohort study using claims data from Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2014. Our exposure was acute ICH, identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Our primary outcome was a composite of acute ischemic stroke and MI, whereas secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke alone and MI alone. We used Cox regression analysis to compute hazard ratios during 1-month intervals after ICH. Sensitivity analyses entailed exclusion of patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. Results- Among 1 760 439 Medicare beneficiaries, 5924 had ICH. The 1-year cumulative incidence of an arterial ischemic event was 5.7% (95% CI, 4.8-6.8) in patients with ICH and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.7-1.9) in patients without ICH. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of an arterial ischemic event remained significantly increased for the first 6 months after ICH and was especially high in the first month (hazard ratio, 6.7 [95% CI, 5.0-8.6]). In secondary analysis, the risk of ischemic stroke was increased in the first 6 months after ICH (hazard ratio, 6.1 [95% CI, 3.5-9.3]) but the risk of MI was not (hazard ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.3-2.9]). In sensitivity analyses excluding patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease, the association between ICH and arterial ischemic events was similar to that of the primary analysis. Conclusions- In a large population-based cohort, we found that elderly patients with ICH had a substantially increased risk of ischemic stroke in the first 6 months after diagnosis. Further exploration of this risk is needed to determine optimal secondary prevention strategies for these patients. 02:Background and Purpose- The risk of arterial ischemic events after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is poorly understood given the lack of a control group in prior studies. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with and without ICH. Methods- We performed a retrospective cohort study using claims data from Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2014. Our exposure was acute ICH, identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Our primary outcome was a composite of acute ischemic stroke and MI, whereas secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke alone and MI alone. We used Cox regression analysis to compute hazard ratios during 1-month intervals after ICH. Sensitivity analyses entailed exclusion of patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. Results- Among 1 760 439 Medicare beneficiaries, 5924 had ICH. The 1-year cumulative incidence of an arterial ischemic event was 5.7% (95% CI, 4.8-6.8) in patients with ICH and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.7-1.9) in patients without ICH. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of an arterial ischemic event remained significantly increased for the first 6 months after ICH and was especially high in the first month (hazard ratio, 6.7 [95% CI, 5.0-8.6]). In secondary analysis, the risk of ischemic stroke was increased in the first 6 months after ICH (hazard ratio, 6.1 [95% CI, 3.5-9.3]) but the risk of MI was not (hazard ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.3-2.9]). In sensitivity analyses excluding patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease, the association between ICH and arterial ischemic events was similar to that of the primary analysis. Conclusions- In a large population-based cohort, we found that elderly patients with ICH had a substantially increased risk of ischemic stroke in the first 6 months after diagnosis. Further exploration of this risk is needed to determine optimal secondary prevention strategies for these patients.

IF:3.06

发表时间:2020-01-01

研究方向:细胞学技术

03BACKGROUND:In routine antenatal care, blood pressure is used as a screening tool for preeclampsia and its associated adverse outcomes. As such women with a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg undergo further investigation and closer follow up, whereas those with lower blood pressures receive no additional care. In the non-pregnant setting, the American College of Cardiology now endorses lower hypertensive thresholds and it remains unclear whether these lower thresholds should also be considered in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE:1) To examine the association between lower blood pressure thresholds (as per the American College of Cardiology guidelines) and pregnancy outcomes. 2) To determine if there is a continuous relationship between blood pressure and pregnancy outcomes and identify the point of a change at which blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of such outcomes. STUDY DESIGN:This was a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies at Monash Health, Australia. Data was obtained with regards to maternal characteristics and blood pressure measurements at varying gestational ages. Blood pressures were then categorized as 1) mean arterial pressure and 2) normal, elevated, stage one and stage two hypertension, as per the American College of Cardiology guidelines. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify associations between blood pressure categories and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS:This study included 18,243 singleton pregnancies. We demonstrated a positive dose response relationship between mean arterial pressure and the development of preeclampsia in later pregnancy. Across all gestational ages, the risk of preeclampsia was higher in those with "elevated blood pressure" and "stage one hypertension" in comparison to the normotensive group (ARR 2.52, 95%CI 1.78, 3.55 and ARR 6.47, 95%CI 4.86, 8.61 respectively at 34-36 weeks' gestation). There was also an association between stage one hypertension, preterm birth, and adverse perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated that preeclampsia and the associated adverse outcomes are not exclusive to those with blood pressures greater than 140/90 mmHg. As such, those with prehypertensive blood pressures may also benefit from closer monitoring. Further research is essential to determine whether lowering the blood pressure threshold in pregnancy would improve detection and outcomes. 03BACKGROUND:In routine antenatal care, blood pressure is used as a screening tool for preeclampsia and its associated adverse outcomes. As such women with a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg undergo further investigation and closer follow up, whereas those with lower blood pressures receive no additional care. In the non-pregnant setting, the American College of Cardiology now endorses lower hypertensive thresholds and it remains unclear whether these lower thresholds should also be considered in pregnancy. OBJECTIVE:1) To examine the association between lower blood pressure thresholds (as per the American College of Cardiology guidelines) and pregnancy outcomes. 2) To determine if there is a continuous relationship between blood pressure and pregnancy outcomes and identify the point of a change at which blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of such outcomes. STUDY DESIGN:This was a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies at Monash Health, Australia. Data was obtained with regards to maternal characteristics and blood pressure measurements at varying gestational ages. Blood pressures were then categorized as 1) mean arterial pressure and 2) normal, elevated, stage one and stage two hypertension, as per the American College of Cardiology guidelines. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify associations between blood pressure categories and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS:This study included 18,243 singleton pregnancies. We demonstrated a positive dose response relationship between mean arterial pressure and the development of preeclampsia in later pregnancy. Across all gestational ages, the risk of preeclampsia was higher in those with "elevated blood pressure" and "stage one hypertension" in comparison to the normotensive group (ARR 2.52, 95%CI 1.78, 3.55 and ARR 6.47, 95%CI 4.86, 8.61 respectively at 34-36 weeks' gestation). There was also an association between stage one hypertension, preterm birth, and adverse perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated that preeclampsia and the associated adverse outcomes are not exclusive to those with blood pressures greater than 140/90 mmHg. As such, those with prehypertensive blood pressures may also benefit from closer monitoring. Further research is essential to determine whether lowering the blood pressure threshold in pregnancy would improve detection and outcomes.

IF:3.06

发表时间:2020-01-16

研究方向:细胞学技术

04OBJECTIVES:Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is an independent risk factor for recurrence and poor survival in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC), but optimal adjuvant treatment is unknown. We aimed to compare the survival of women with early-stage EEC with LVSI treated postoperatively with observation (OBS), radiation (RAD, external beam and/or vaginal brachytherapy), or chemotherapy (CHEMO)+/-RAD. METHODS:This was a multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study of women with stage I or II EEC with LVSI who underwent hysterectomy+/-lymphadenectomy from 2005 to 2015 and received OBS, RAD, or CHEMO+/-RAD postoperatively. Progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS:In total, 478 women were included; median age was 64 years, median follow-up was 50.3 months. After surgery, 143 (30%) underwent OBS, 232 (48.5%) received RAD, and 103(21.5%) received CHEMO+/-RAD (95% of whom received RAD). Demographics were similar among groups, but those undergoing OBS had lower stage and grade. A total of 101 (21%) women recurred. Progression-free survival (PFS) was improved in both CHEMO+/-RAD (HR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.09-0.39) and RAD (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18-0.54) groups compared to OBS, though neither adjuvant therapy was superior to the other. However, in grade 3 tumors, the CHEMO+/-RAD group had superior PFS compared to both RAD (HR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.52) and OBS cohorts (HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.32). Overall survival did not differ by treatment. CONCLUSIONS:In early-stage EEC with LVSI, adjuvant therapy improved PFS compared to observation alone. In those with grade 3 EEC, adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation improved PFS compared to observation or radiation alone. 04OBJECTIVES:Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is an independent risk factor for recurrence and poor survival in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC), but optimal adjuvant treatment is unknown. We aimed to compare the survival of women with early-stage EEC with LVSI treated postoperatively with observation (OBS), radiation (RAD, external beam and/or vaginal brachytherapy), or chemotherapy (CHEMO)+/-RAD. METHODS:This was a multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study of women with stage I or II EEC with LVSI who underwent hysterectomy+/-lymphadenectomy from 2005 to 2015 and received OBS, RAD, or CHEMO+/-RAD postoperatively. Progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS:In total, 478 women were included; median age was 64 years, median follow-up was 50.3 months. After surgery, 143 (30%) underwent OBS, 232 (48.5%) received RAD, and 103(21.5%) received CHEMO+/-RAD (95% of whom received RAD). Demographics were similar among groups, but those undergoing OBS had lower stage and grade. A total of 101 (21%) women recurred. Progression-free survival (PFS) was improved in both CHEMO+/-RAD (HR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.09-0.39) and RAD (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18-0.54) groups compared to OBS, though neither adjuvant therapy was superior to the other. However, in grade 3 tumors, the CHEMO+/-RAD group had superior PFS compared to both RAD (HR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.52) and OBS cohorts (HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.32). Overall survival did not differ by treatment. CONCLUSIONS:In early-stage EEC with LVSI, adjuvant therapy improved PFS compared to observation alone. In those with grade 3 EEC, adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation improved PFS compared to observation or radiation alone.

IF:3.06

发表时间:2020-01-13

研究方向:细胞学技术

05:Purpose: Upper limb lymphedema is a vexing morbidity that can occur after the treatment for breast cancer. The Lymphedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Upper Limb Lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-UL) is a valid and reliable tool assessing problems in functioning in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Until now, a French-language version was lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural validation of the French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL questionnaire.Methods: A forward-backward translation process between the original language (Dutch) and the target language (French) was performed. Psychometric properties of this final French version were examined in 50 participants.Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.95. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency were higher than 0.77. Face and content validity were very good because the scoring system was clear for all participants (100%), questions were understandable (100%), and all complaints due to BCRL were mentioned by 78% of the participants. Construct validity was moderate. Convergent validity was established since 3 out of 5 expected domains of the Lymph-ICF-UL showed a moderate correlation with expected domains of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. There was satisfactory divergent validity as 6 out of 9 hypotheses assessing divergent validity were accepted.Conclusion: The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire and ready for use in clinical as well as in scientific practice.Implications for rehabilitationSince the introduction of more effective treatment modalities increasing the number of breast cancer survivors, the amount of patients dealing with lymphedema is rising likewise up to a pooled incidence rate of more than 16% of the women treated for breast cancer.The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing problems in functioning of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema of the arm and/or hand.As the questionnaire provides patient information in the different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, it facilitates evaluating the impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema on daily functioning.Based on the outcomes of the Lymph-ICF-UL treatment goals can be set, where after the questionnaire can be used to monitor long-term results of this treatment and self-care. 05:Purpose: Upper limb lymphedema is a vexing morbidity that can occur after the treatment for breast cancer. The Lymphedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Upper Limb Lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-UL) is a valid and reliable tool assessing problems in functioning in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Until now, a French-language version was lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural validation of the French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL questionnaire.Methods: A forward-backward translation process between the original language (Dutch) and the target language (French) was performed. Psychometric properties of this final French version were examined in 50 participants.Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.95. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency were higher than 0.77. Face and content validity were very good because the scoring system was clear for all participants (100%), questions were understandable (100%), and all complaints due to BCRL were mentioned by 78% of the participants. Construct validity was moderate. Convergent validity was established since 3 out of 5 expected domains of the Lymph-ICF-UL showed a moderate correlation with expected domains of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. There was satisfactory divergent validity as 6 out of 9 hypotheses assessing divergent validity were accepted.Conclusion: The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire and ready for use in clinical as well as in scientific practice.Implications for rehabilitationSince the introduction of more effective treatment modalities increasing the number of breast cancer survivors, the amount of patients dealing with lymphedema is rising likewise up to a pooled incidence rate of more than 16% of the women treated for breast cancer.The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing problems in functioning of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema of the arm and/or hand.As the questionnaire provides patient information in the different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, it facilitates evaluating the impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema on daily functioning.Based on the outcomes of the Lymph-ICF-UL treatment goals can be set, where after the questionnaire can be used to monitor long-term results of this treatment and self-care.

IF:3.06

发表时间:2020-01-28

研究方向:细胞学技术

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