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Head and neck osteosarcoma: CT and MR imaging features.
头颈部骨肉瘤: CT和MR成像特征。
- 影响因子:2.24
- DOI:10.1259/dmfr.20190202
- 作者列表:"Luo Z","Chen W","Shen X","Qin G","Yuan J","Hu B","Lyu J","Wen C","Xu W
- 发表时间:2020-02-01
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:This study aims to assess the CT and MRI features of head and neck osteosarcoma (HNO). METHODS:37 HNOs were identified, and the following imaging characteristics were reviewed on CT and MRI. RESULTS:A total of 37 patients(age 41.5 ± 15.0 years old; 16 males, 21 females) were included in the study. Tumours occurred in the maxilla (16, 43.2%), mandible (8, 21.6%), skull base (6, 16.2%), calvarium (5, 13.5%), paranasal sinuses (1, 2.7%) and cervical soft tissue (1, 2.7%). 16 patients received radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Three patients (8.1%) developed osteosarcomas related to a primary bone disease. 16 of the (43.2%) tumours demonstrated lytic density on CT scans, followed by 13 (35.1%) showing mixed density and 7 (18.9%) with sclerotic density. Matrix mineralization was present in 32 (86.5%). 3 out of 24 (12.5%) tumours showed lamellar periosteal reactions, 21 out of 24 (87.5%) showed spiculated periosteal reactions. 12 tumours showed low signal intensities on T1WI, with 16 having heterogeneous signal intensities. 10 tumours showed high signal intensities on T2WI, and 18 showed heterogeneous signal intensities. With contrast-enhanced images, 3 tumours showed homogeneous enhancement (2 osteoblastic and 1 giant cell-rich), 18 tumours showed heterogeneous enhancement (13 osteoblastic, 4 fibroblastic and 1 giant cell-rich), and 7 tumours showed peripheral enhancement (6 chondroblastic and 1 osteoblastic). These tumours were characterized by soft tissue masses with a diameter of 5.6 ± 1.8 cm. CONCLUSIONS:HNO is a rare condition and is commonly associated with previous radiation exposure. This study provides age, sex distribution, location, CT and MRI features of HNO.
摘要
目的: 探讨头颈部骨肉瘤 (HNO) 的CT和MRI表现。 方法: 识别 37 例HNOs,并在CT和MRI上回顾以下影像学特征。 结果: 共 37 例患者 (年龄 41.5 ± 15.0 岁; 16 例男性,21 例女性) 纳入研究。肿瘤发生于上颌骨 (1 6,43.2%) 、下颌骨 (8,2 1。6% ), 颅base 6,1 6.2%),颅骨 (5,1 3.5% ), 副鼻窦 (1,2.7%) 和颈部软组织 (1,2.7%)。16 例接受鼻咽癌放射治疗。3 例患者 (8.1%) 发生与原发性骨病相关的骨肉瘤。16 例 (43.2%) 肿瘤在ct扫描中显示溶解密度,其次 13 例 (35.1%) 显示混合密度,7 例 (18.9%) 显示硬化密度。基质矿化存在于 32 (86.5%)。24 个肿瘤中有 3 个 (12.5%) 显示板层骨膜反应,24 个肿瘤中有 21 个 (87.5%) 显示毛刺状骨膜反应。12 例肿瘤在T1WI上呈低信号,16 例呈不均匀信号。10 例肿瘤T2WI呈高信号,18 例呈不均匀信号。增强图像,3 个肿瘤显示均匀增强 (2 个成骨细胞和 1 个巨细胞丰富),1 8 个肿瘤显示不均匀增强 (1 3 个成骨细胞,4 个成纤维细胞和 1 个巨细胞丰富),7 个肿瘤显示外周强化 (6 个成软骨细胞和 1 个成骨细胞)。这些肿瘤的特征是软组织肿块,直径为 5.6 ± 1.8 cm。 结论: HNO是一种罕见的疾病,通常与既往的辐射暴露有关。本研究提供了HNO的年龄、性别分布、部位、CT和MRI特征。
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METHODS:OBJECTIVE:Large inoperable sacral chordomas show unsatisfactory local control rates even when treated with high dose proton therapy (PT). The aim of this study is assessing feasibility and reporting early results of patients treated with PT and concomitant hyperthermia (HT). METHODS: :Patients had histologically proven unresectable sacral chordomas and received 70 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 2.5 Gy fractions with concomitant weekly HT. Toxicity was assessed according to CTCAE_v4. A volumetric tumor response analysis was performed. RESULTS: :Five patients were treated with the combined approach. Median baseline tumor volume was 735 cc (range, 369-1142). All patients completed PT and received a median of 5 HT sessions (range, 2-6). Median follow-up was 18 months (range, 9-26). The volumetric analysis showed an objective response of all tumors (median shrinkage 46%; range, 9-72). All patients experienced acute Grade 2-3 local pain. One patient presented with a late Grade 3 iliac fracture. CONCLUSION:Combining PT and HT in large inoperable sacral chordomas is feasible and causes acceptable toxicity. Volumetric analysis shows promising early results, warranting confirmation in the framework of a prospective trial. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: :This is an encouraging first report of the feasibility and early results of concomitant HT and PT in treating inoperable sacral chordoma.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:National guidelines recommend screening and treatment for cancer-related bone disease and continued monitoring of bone-modifying agents. It is unclear whether a standardized screening tool is utilized to identify eligible patients and ensure appropriate supportive care is implemented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current prescribing practices and optimize management of bone-modifying agents. METHODS:A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who received hormone deprivation therapy or had bone metastases through Hematology/Oncology or Urology clinics from 1 November 2016 to 31 October 2017. The primary endpoints of this study were the incidence of completed baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for patients on hormone deprivation therapy and percent of patients started on a bone-modifying agent for the prevention of skeletal-related events secondary to bone metastasis. Secondary endpoints included percent of patients with dental examinations prior to initiation, adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation, incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw or flu-like symptoms and education, and percent of bisphosphonate doses appropriately adjusted based on renal function. RESULTS:A total of 375 patients were assessed for baseline DEXA scans and bone-modifying therapy. Of the 226 patients on hormone deprivation therapy, 111 (49%) patients were appropriately screened with a DEXA scan prior to initiation of hormone deprivation therapy. Among the 149 patients with bone metastases, only 94 (63.1%) patients were started on a bone-modifying agent. CONCLUSIONS:Opportunities have been identified to optimize management of patients with cancer-related bone disease. Implementation of standardized tools may increase the rate of appropriate screening and initiation of bone-modifying therapy when warranted.
METHODS:PURPOSE:Low skeletal muscle mass has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, little is known about the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and overall survival in patients with bone metastases from lung cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of low trunk muscle mass in predicting overall survival in these patients. METHODS:The data from 198 patients who were diagnosed with bone metastases from lung cancer from April 2009 to May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The areas of the psoas and paravertebral muscles were measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography scans taken at the time nearest to the diagnosis of bone metastasis. Muscle area was evaluated for male and female cohorts separately using different cutoff points. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate the factors independently associated with overall survival. RESULTS:The overall survival of patients in the lowest quartile for psoas muscle area or paravertebral muscle area was significantly shorter than that of patients above the 25th percentile for muscle area (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that paravertebral muscle mass (hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.56; p = 0.006), epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy, and performance status were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS:Low paravertebral muscle mass was associated with shorter survival, independently of known prognostic factors.
骨肿瘤是发生于骨骼或其附属组织的肿瘤。有良性,恶性之分,良性骨肿瘤易根治,预后良好,恶性骨肿瘤发展迅速,预后不佳,死亡率高。