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Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.

口腔颌面外科大流行期间患者的新型冠状病毒肺炎。

  • 影响因子:2.15
  • DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2020.03.011
  • 作者列表:"Zimmermann M","Nkenke E
  • 发表时间:2020-05-01
Abstract

:Oral and maxillofacial surgery is correlated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Therefore, the aim of the review is to collect and discuss aspects of the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to save resources and to avoid unnecessary exposure to infected patients, there is the need to schedule interventions depending on their priority. During the peak of the pandemic, no elective surgery should be performed. Even urgent procedures might be postponed if there is a view to recovery of a COVID-19 patient within a few days. Emergency procedures do not allow any delay. Specialties with overlap in therapies should have well defined arrangements among each other concerning the treatment spectra in order to avoid redundancy and loss of resources. Inpatient and outpatient units have to be organized in such a way that the risk of cross-infection among patients is reduced to a minimum. Especially, testing of patients for SARS-CoV-2 is important to detect the infected patients at an early stage. When surgery is performed on COVID-19 patients, adequate personal protective equipment is crucial. There must be negative pressure in the operating room, and aerosol formation must be reduced to a minimum. In order to address the COVID-19 challenge adequately, significant changes in the infrastructure of outpatient units, inpatient units, and operating rooms are needed. In addition, the demands concerning personal protective equipment increase significantly. The major aim is to protect patients as well as the medical staff from unnecessary infection, and to keep the healthcare system running effectively. Therefore, every effort should be taken to make the necessary investments.

摘要

: 口腔颌面外科手术与SARS-CoV-2 传播的高风险相关。因此,本综述的目的是收集和讨论新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行期间口腔颌面外科患者的管理方面。为了节省资源和避免不必要的暴露于感染患者,有必要根据他们的优先顺序安排干预措施。在大流行高峰期,不应进行择期手术。如果希望在几天内恢复新型冠状病毒肺炎患者,甚至紧急程序也可能被推迟。紧急程序不允许任何延误。治疗中有重叠的专业应该在治疗谱方面有明确的相互安排,以避免冗余和资源损失。住院和门诊单位的组织方式必须将患者之间的交叉感染风险降至最低。尤其是对患者进行SARS-CoV-2 检测对于早期发现感染患者非常重要。当对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者进行手术时,足够的个人防护装备是至关重要的。手术室必须有负压,气雾剂的形成必须减少到最低限度。为了充分应对新型冠状病毒肺炎的挑战,需要对门诊病房、住院病房和手术室的基础设施进行重大变革。此外,对个人防护设备的需求大幅增加。主要目的是保护患者以及医务人员免受不必要的感染,并保持医疗保健系统的有效运行。因此,应尽一切努力进行必要的投资。

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DOI:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e79
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影响因子:4.36
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METHODS::In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.48
发表时间:2020-04-01
来源期刊:Infection
DOI:10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y
作者列表:["Cheng ZJ","Shan J"]

METHODS::There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8 days.

呼吸道感染方向

呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。

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