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儿茶素、香草酸和原儿茶酸的协同作用方式抑制尿路致病性大肠杆菌在硅胶表面的粘附。
AIMS:To study the individual and combined contribution of catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids to inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) on the surface of silicone catheters. METHODS AND RESULTS:The adhesion of UPEC to silicone catheters during the exposure to nonlethal concentrations of phenolic compounds was measured, as well as changes in motility, presence of fimbriae, extra-cellular polymeric substances, surface charge, hydrophobicity and membrane fluidity. The phenolic combination reduced 26-51% of motility, 1 log CFU per cm2 of adhered bacteria and 20-40% the carbohydrate and protein content in the biofilm matrix. Curli fimbriae, surface charge and cell hydrophobicity were affected to a greater extent by the phenolic combination. In the mixture, vanillic acid was the most effective for reducing bacterial adhesion, extra-polymeric substance production, motility, curli fimbriae and biofilm structure. Notwithstanding, protocatechuic acid caused major changes in the bacterial cell surface properties, whereas catechin affected the cell membrane functionality. CONCLUSION:Catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids have different bacterial cell targets, explaining the synergistic effect of their combination against uropathogenic E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY:This study shows the contribution of catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids in producing a synergistic mixture against the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli on silicone catheters. The action of catechin, vanillic and protocatechuic acids included specific contributions of each compound against the E. coli membrane's integrity, motility, surface properties and production of extracellular polymeric substances. Therefore, the studied mixture of phenolic compounds could be used as an antibiotic alternative to reduce urinary tract infections associated with silicone catheters.
目的: 研究儿茶素、原儿茶素和香草酸抑制尿路致病性大肠埃希菌 (UPEC) 在硅胶导管表面粘附的个体和联合作用。 方法和结果: 测量UPEC在暴露于非致死浓度的酚类化合物期间与硅胶导管的粘附,以及运动、菌毛存在、细胞外聚合物物质的变化,表面电荷、疏水性和膜流动性。酚类组合降低了 26-51% 的运动性,每cm2 粘附细菌 1 log CFU,生物膜基质中碳水化合物和蛋白质含量降低了 20-40%。酚醛结合对毛菌毛、表面电荷和细胞疏水性有较大程度的影响。在混合物中,香草酸对减少细菌粘附、聚合物生成、运动、弯曲菌毛和生物膜结构最有效。尽管如此,原儿茶酸引起细菌细胞表面性质的重大变化,而儿茶素影响细胞膜功能。 结论: 儿茶素、原儿茶素和香草酸具有不同的细菌细胞靶点,解释了它们联合抗尿致病性大肠杆菌的协同作用。 研究的意义和影响: 本研究显示了儿茶素、原儿茶素和香草酸在产生协同混合物对抗尿路致病性大肠杆菌在硅胶导管上粘附的贡献。儿茶素、香草酸和原儿茶酸的作用包括每种化合物对大肠杆菌膜的完整性、运动性、表面性质和胞外聚合物产生的具体贡献。因此,所研究的酚类化合物混合物可作为抗生素替代品,以减少与硅胶导管相关的尿路感染。
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METHODS:PURPOSE:In utero myelomeningocele closure is a valid alternative to postnatal repair with unclear benefits to bladder function. We compared bladder status in patients who underwent fetal myelomeningocele surgery versus postnatal repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed our database, with group 1 consisting of in utero surgery and group 2 consisting of postnatal repair. Group 3 was a subgroup of group 2, including patients initially presenting at age less than 12 months. We recorded medical history, radiological investigation with renal ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, urodynamic evaluation and clinical outcome of the bladder pattern after treatment. RESULTS:We identified 88 patients in group 1, 86 in group 2 and 38 in group 3. The incidence of urinary tract infection was higher in the postnatal period (45% vs 20%). Hydronephrosis occurred in 20.7%, 22.6% and 28.9% of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Vesicoureteral reflux was diagnosed in 15% in all groups. Urodynamic data showed a higher prevalence of detrusor overactivity in group 1 and no difference in other urodynamic parameters. The high risk bladder pattern at initial evaluation occurred in 56%, 50% and 46% of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was a trend to decrease the percentages of the high risk bladder pattern and to increase the normal pattern after treatment in all groups. CONCLUSIONS:In utero repair did not improve urological parameters compared to repair in the postnatal period.
METHODS::The development and evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens has been reported to be one of the major issues confronting the global health community. The aim of this study was to examine the period prevalence of antibiotic resistance, as well as the trends and patterns in sensitivity profile of enteric bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients with UTIs in a teaching Hospital in south west Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from 77 patients with UTIs from February 2017 to October 2018. Standard laboratory methods were used for urine sample culture and bacterial identification. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to evaluate antimicrobial sensitivity. Predominant enteric bacteria isolates were Escherichia coli (24, 39.3%), Salmonella species (12, 19.7%), Klebsiella species (4, 6.6%), Providencia species (6, 9.8%), Proteus species (8, 13.1%), Serratia species (2, 3.3%), Yersinia species (1, 1.6%) and Morganella species (4, 6.6%). A large proportion (90.2%) of isolates obtained were multi-drug resistant. High resistance in amoxycillin-clavulanate (98%), cefuroxime (92%), erythromycin (90%) and ceftazidime (84%) were recorded. These results emphasize the importance of continuous screening and surveillance programmes for detection of AMR in enteric bacteria of public health importance.
METHODS::Massive generation of health-related data has been key in enabling the big data science initiative to gain new insights in healthcare. Nursing can benefit from this era of big data science, as there is a growing need for new discoveries from large quantities of nursing data to provide evidence-based care. However, there are few nursing studies using big data analytics. The purpose of this article is to explain a knowledge discovery and data mining approach that was employed to discover knowledge about hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections from multiple data sources, including electronic health records and nurse staffing data. Three different machine learning techniques are described: decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines. The decision tree model created rules to interpret relationships among associated factors of hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The logistic regression model showed what factors were related to a higher risk of hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The support vector machines model was included to compare performance with the other two interpretable models. This article introduces the examples of cutting-edge machine learning approaches that will advance secondary use of electronic health records and integration of multiple data sources as well as provide evidence necessary to guide nursing professionals in practice.
尿路感染又称泌尿系统感染,是尿路上皮对细菌侵入导致的炎症反应,通常伴随有菌尿和脓尿。尿路感染根据感染部位分为上尿路感染和下尿路感染。
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