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Molecular and clinical studies in 107 Noonan syndrome affected individuals with PTPN11 mutations.
107 例努南综合征受累PTPN11 突变个体的分子和临床研究。
- 影响因子:1.91
- DOI:10.1186/s12881-020-0986-5
- 作者列表:"Athota JP","Bhat M","Nampoothiri S","Gowrishankar K","Narayanachar SG","Puttamallesh V","Farooque MO","Shetty S
- 发表时间:2020-03-12
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Noonan syndrome (NS), an autosomal dominant developmental genetic disorder, is caused by germline mutations in genes associated with the RAS / mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In several studies PTPN11 is one of the genes with a significant number of pathogenic variants in NS-affected patients. Therefore, clinically diagnosed NS individuals are initially tested for pathogenic variants in PTPN11 gene to confirm the relationship before studying genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS:Individuals (363) with clinically diagnosed NS from four hospitals in South India were recruited and the exons of PTPN11 gene were sequenced. RESULTS:Thirty-two previously described pathogenic variants in eight different exons in PTPN11 gene were detected in 107 patients, of whom 10 were familial cases. Exons 3, 8 and 13 had the highest number of pathogenic variants. The most commonly identified pathogenic variants in this series were in exon 8 (c.922A > G, c.923A > G), observed in 22 of the affected. Congenital cardiac anomalies were present in 84% of the mutation-positive cohort, the majority being defects in the right side of the heart. The most common facial features were downward-slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism and low-set posteriorly rotated ears. Other clinical features included short stature (40%), pectus excavatum (54%) and, in males, unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism (44%). CONCLUSION:The clinical features and mutational spectrum observed in our cohort are similar to those reported in other large studies done worldwide. This is the largest case series of NS-affected individuals with PTPN11 mutations described till date from India.
摘要
背景: 努南综合征 (Noonan syndrome,NS) 是一种常染色体显性遗传性疾病,由RAS/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 通路相关基因的种系突变引起。在几项研究中,PTPN11 是NS受累患者中具有大量致病变异的基因之一。因此,在研究基因型-表型相关性之前,对临床诊断的NS个体初步检测PTPN11 基因中的致病性变异,以确认关系。 方法: 招募来自印度南部四家医院的临床诊断为NS的个体 (363),并对PTPN11 基因外显子进行测序。 结果: 在 107 例患者中检测到 32 例PTPN11 基因 8 个不同外显子的致病性变异,其中 10 例为家族性病例。外显子 3 、 8 和 13 的致病变异数量最高。本系列中最常见的致病变异在外显子 8 (c.922A> g,c.923A> g),在 22 例受累者中观察到。84% 的突变阳性队列存在先天性心脏异常,大多数是心脏右侧的缺陷。最常见的面部特征为向下倾斜的睑裂、高裂症和低偏后旋转耳。其他临床特征包括身材矮小 (40%) 、漏斗胸 (54%) 和男性单侧或双侧隐睾 (44%)。 结论: 我们队列中观察到的临床特征和突变谱与世界范围内其他大型研究中报道的相似。这是迄今为止从印度描述的最大的PTPN11 突变的NS受累个体病例系列。
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METHODS::Impairments in social cognition have been frequently described in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and are thought to be a hallmark of difficulties in social interactions. The present study addresses aspects that are critical for everyday social cognitive functioning but have received little attention so far. Sixteen children with 22q11.2DS and 22 controls completed 1 task of facial expression recognition, 1 task of attribution of facial expressions to faceless characters involved in visually presented social interactions, and 1 task of attribution of facial expressions to characters involved in aurally presented dialogues. All three tasks have in common to involve processing of emotions. All participants also completed two tasks of attention and two tasks of visual spatial perception, and their parents completed some scales regarding behavioural problems of their children. Patients performed worse than controls in all three tasks of emotion processing, and even worse in the second and third tasks. However, they performed above chance level in all three tasks, and the results were independent of IQ, age and gender. The analysis of error patterns suggests that patients tend to coarsely categorize situations as either attractive or repulsive and also that they have difficulties in differentiating emotions that are associated with threats. An isolated association between the tasks of emotion and behaviour was found, showing that the more frequently patients with 22q11.2DS perceive happiness where there is not, the less they exhibit aggressive behaviour.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:We describe the first radiographic clinic in the literature for DDH and how this novel clinic can significantly improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of service in a tertiary referral centre. AIMS:A radiographic clinic for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip was introduced in 2017 in our institution. We performed a detailed cost analysis to assess the economic savings made with the introduction of this new clinic. We assessed the efficiency of the service by identifying how many unnecessary outpatient visits were prevented. We also assessed the difference in times from referral to review between the two clinics. METHODS:Analysis of the clinic activity in 2017 was possible as all data was collected prospectively by the DDH CNS and stored in our database. Cost analysis was performed, and the savings made per patient along with the financial benefit to our institution was recorded. RESULTS:The new radiographic clinic reduced the cost of reviewing one patient by €162.51 per patient. There was a 73% discharge rate from the clinic which prevented 251 unnecessary patient visits to the outpatient department over the course of the year. There was a significant 11-day reduction in waiting times between referral and review when comparing the radiographic to the conventional clinic (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:A radiographic clinic for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip has a significant effect on the efficiency and overall cost-effectiveness of service provision in a tertiary referral centre.
METHODS:INTRODUCTION:Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) involves periacetabular osteotomies of the ilium, ischium, and pubis to reorient the acetabulum. This operation is indicated in certain situations for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip, dysplastic neuromuscular hips, and for containment of the femoral head in cases of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study compares radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent TPO using two different techniques and describes a novel single-incision direct lateral approach. TPO was performed on 22 patients by the senior author. The first 10 patients underwent TPO through a single-incision anterolateral approach. The last 12 patients underwent TPO using the direct lateral approach. Preoperative and postoperative pelvic radiographs were reviewed for each patient, and the migration index and center-edge angle were recorded. RESULTS:The migration index and center-edge angle were evaluated and were not found to be significantly different between the anterolateral and direct lateral groups. The direct lateral approach is described. CONCLUSION:The direct lateral approach for TPO is equivalent to the anterolateral approach on radiographic evaluation. Advantages of the direct lateral approach include direct visualization of the ischial osteotomy, effective mobilization of the acetabulum, and safety of the sciatic nerve.
肌肉骨骼系统的先天性结构异常和畸形。