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Medical Doctors and Dementia: A Longitudinal Study.

医生与痴呆: 纵向研究。

  • 影响因子:2.83
  • DOI:10.1111/jgs.16375
  • 作者列表:"Vassilaki M","Syrjanen JA","Kremers WK","Hagen PT","Knopman DS","Mielke MM","Geda YE","Alhurani RE","Machulda MM","Roberts RO","Petersen RC
  • 发表时间:2020-02-22
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between being a medical doctor (MD) and the risk of incident dementia. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Olmsted County, Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 3460 participants (including 104 MDs), aged 70 years or older, of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. MEASUREMENTS:Participants were randomly selected from the community and had comprehensive cognitive evaluations at baseline and approximately every 15 months to assess for diagnosis of dementia. For participants who withdrew from the follow-up, dementia diagnosis was also assessed using information available in their medical record. The associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for sex, education, and apolipoprotein E ε4, using age as the time scale. RESULTS:MDs were older (vs "general population"), and most were males (93.3%). MDs without dementia at baseline did not have a significantly different risk for incident dementia (hazard ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval = 0.69-1.82; P = .64) compared to the general population. CONCLUSIONS:Although the study includes a small number of older, mainly male, MDs, it provides a preliminary insight on cognitive health later in life in MDs, while most previous studies examine the health of younger MDs. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to examine these associations and investigate if associations are modified by sex.

摘要

目的: 探讨医学博士 (MD) 与痴呆发病风险之间的关系。 设计: 队列研究。 地点: 明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县。 参与者: 基于人群的梅奥诊所老龄化研究共 3460 例参与者 (包括 104 例 MDs),年龄 ≥ 70 岁。 测量: 参与者从社区中随机选择,在基线和大约每 15 个月进行一次全面的认知评估,以评估痴呆的诊断。对于退出随访的参与者,还使用其病历中可用的信息评估痴呆诊断。使用 Cox 比例风险模型检查相关性,校正性别、教育程度和载脂蛋白 E ε 4,使用年龄作为时间尺度。 结果: MDs 患者年龄较大 (vs "普通人群"),男性居多 (93.3%)。基线无痴呆的 MDs 发生痴呆的风险无显著差异 (风险比 = 1.12; 95% 置信区间 = 0.69-1.82; P =  。 64) 与普通人群相比。 结论: 虽然这项研究包括了少数老年人,主要是男性,MDs,但它提供了对 MDs 以后生活中认知健康的初步见解, 而大多数以前的研究检查年轻 MDs 的健康。需要更大的纵向研究来检查这些关联,并调查关联是否被性别修饰。

关键词: 队列研究 痴呆 医生
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影响因子:3.03
发表时间:2020-01-02
来源期刊:Pituitary
DOI:10.1007/s11102-019-01023-0
作者列表:["Galm, Brandon P.","Buckless, Colleen","Swearingen, Brooke","Torriani, Martin","Klibanski, Anne","Bredella, Miriam A.","Tritos, Nicholas A."]

METHODS:Purpose Given the paucity of reliable predictors of tumor recurrence, progression, or response to somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) therapy in acromegaly, we attempted to determine whether preoperative MR image texture was predictive of these clinical outcomes. We also determined whether image texture could differentiate somatotroph adenomas from non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with acromegaly due to a macroadenoma who underwent transsphenoidal surgery at our institution between 2007 and 2015. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. MRI texture analysis was performed on preoperative non-enhanced T1-weighted images using ImageJ (NIH). Logistic and Cox models were used to determine if image texture parameters predicted outcomes. Results Eighty-nine patients had texture parameters measured, which were compared to that of NFPAs, while 64 of these patients had follow-up and were included in the remainder of analyses. Minimum pixel intensity, skewness, and kurtosis were significantly different in somatotroph adenomas versus NFPAs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.7771, for kurtosis). Furthermore, those with a maximum pixel intensity above the median had an increased odds of IGF-I normalization on SRL therapy (OR 5.96, 95% CI 1.33–26.66), which persisted after adjusting for several potential predictors of response. Image texture did not predict tumor recurrence or progression. Conclusion Our data suggest that MRI texture analysis can distinguish NFPAs from somatotroph macroadenomas with good diagnostic accuracy and can predict normalization of IGF-I with SRL therapy.

关键词: 暂无
翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:4.48
发表时间:2020-01-01
DOI:10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.013
作者列表:["Xiong Y","Tang Y","Fan F","Zeng Y","Li C","Zhou G","Hu Z","Zhang L","Liu Z"]

METHODS::Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA), a benign endocrine tumor located in the base of the skull, results in acromegaly. In addition to the mass effect of the tumor itself in the sellar region, GHPA can lead to the overgrowth of almost every organ. Previous findings indicated that the processes underlying acromegaly were partly attributable to hyperactivity of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis. However, the mechanisms driving this syndrome remains largely unknown. Additionally, the roles of GHPA-derived exosomes, which contain functional microRNAs and proteins that manipulate target cell proliferation and differentiation in distal extremities, are also unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GHPA exosomes promote bone formation in vitro and trabecula number in vivo. The mechanism of increased trabecula formation may be attributable to GHPA exosome-induced osteoblast proliferation via increased cell viability and DNA replication. We further discovered that exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p plays a distinct role from the GH/IGF-1 axis in these processes. Accordingly, the results of this study provide a novel mechanism whereby GHPA influences distal extremities and a new perspective for treating GHPA.

关键词: 暂无
翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:5.19
发表时间:2020-01-01
DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgz033
作者列表:["Arlien-Søborg MC","Grøndahl C","Bæk A","Dal J","Madsen M","Høgild ML","Pedersen SB","Bjerre M","Jørgensen JOL"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a circulating hormone with pleiotropic metabolic effects, which is inactivated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Data regarding interaction between FGF21, FAP, and growth hormone (GH) are limited, but it is noteworthy that collagens are also FAP substrates, since GH potently stimulates collagen turnover. AIM:To measure circulating FGF21 components, including FAP, in patients with acromegaly before and after disease control. METHODS:Eighteen patients with active acromegaly were studied at the time of diagnosis and ≥ 6 months after disease control by either surgery or medical treatment. Serum levels of total and active FGF21, β-klotho, FAP, and collagen turnover markers were measured by immunoassays. Expression of putative FGF21-dependent genes were measured in adipose tissue by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, body composition assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, and insulin sensitivity estimated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS:Total FGF21, active FGF21 and β-klotho remained unchanged. Insulin sensitivity and body fat mass increased after disease control but neither correlated with active FGF21. Expression of FGF21-dependent genes did not change after treatment. FAP levels (µg/L) were markedly reduced after treatment [105.6 ± 29.4 vs 62.2 ± 32.4, P < 0.000]. Collagen turnover markers also declined significantly after treatment and ΔFAP correlated positively with ΔProcollagen Type I (P < 0.000) and Type III (P < 0.000). CONCLUSION:1) Circulating FGF21 and β-klotho do not change in response to acromegaly treatment, 2) FAP concentrations in serum decrease after disease control and correlate positively with collagen turnover markers, and 3) FAP is a hitherto unrecognized GH target linked to collagen turnover. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION:NCT00647179.

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