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The equine mononuclear phagocyte system: The relevance of the horse as a model for understanding human innate immunity.

马单核吞噬细胞系统: 马作为理解人类先天免疫模型的相关性。

  • 影响因子:1.86
  • DOI:10.1111/evj.13341
  • 作者列表:"Karagianni AE","Lisowski ZM","Hume DA","Scott Pirie R
  • 发表时间:2021-03-01
Abstract

:The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is a family of cells of related function that includes bone marrow progenitors, blood monocytes and resident tissue macrophages. Macrophages are effector cells in both innate and acquired immunity. They are a major resident cell population in every organ and their numbers increase in response to proinflammatory stimuli. Their function is highly regulated by a wide range of agonists, including lymphokines, cytokines and products of microorganisms. Macrophage biology has been studied most extensively in mice, yet direct comparisons of rodent and human macrophages have revealed many functional differences. In this review, we provide an overview of the equine MPS, describing the variation in the function and phenotype of macrophages depending on their location and the similarities and differences between the rodent, human and equine immune response. We discuss the use of the horse as a large animal model in which to study macrophage biology and pathological processes shared with humans. Finally, following the recent update to the horse genome, facilitating further comparative analysis of regulated gene expression between the species, we highlight the importance of future transcriptomic macrophage studies in the horse, the findings of which may also be applicable to human as well as veterinary research.

摘要

: 单核吞噬细胞系统 (MPS) 是一个具有相关功能的细胞家族,包括骨髓祖细胞、血液单核细胞和驻留组织巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞是先天性和获得性免疫中的效应细胞。它们是每个器官中的主要常驻细胞群体,并且它们的数量响应于促炎刺激而增加。它们的功能由广泛的激动剂高度调节,包括淋巴因子、细胞因子和微生物产物。巨噬细胞生物学已经在小鼠中进行了最广泛的研究,然而啮齿动物和人巨噬细胞的直接比较已经揭示了许多功能差异。在这篇综述中,我们提供了马MPS的概述,描述了巨噬细胞的功能和表型的变化取决于它们的位置以及啮齿动物、人类和马免疫应答之间的异同。我们讨论了使用马作为大型动物模型来研究与人类共享的巨噬细胞生物学和病理过程。最后,在最近对马基因组进行更新之后,促进了对物种之间调节基因表达的进一步比较分析,我们强调了未来在马中进行转录组巨噬细胞研究的重要性,其发现也可能适用于人类和兽医研究。

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发表时间:2021-02-01
DOI:10.1080/14656566.2020.1814255
作者列表:["Sawada H","Oeda T","Kohsaka M","Tomita S","Umemura A","Park K","Yamamoto K","Kiyohara K"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Cholinergic neurotransmission regulates neuroinflammation in Parkinson disease (PD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:The authors conducted a delayed-start study of donepezil for cognitive decline in non-demented PD patients. The study consisted of a 96-week randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase 1, followed by a 24-week donepezil extension phase 2. The primary outcome measure was a change in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at week 120. RESULTS:A total of 98 patients were randomly allocated to the early-start (donepezil-to-donepezil) and delayed-start (placebo-to-donepezil) groups. Mean (SD) of the baseline MMSE was 27.6 (2.0) and 28.0 (2.1), respectively. MMSE change at week 120 was better in the early-start group than in the delayed-start group, but the difference was not significant. The MMSE declined in apolipoprotein ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers, and the factor interaction (intervention × ε4 genotype) was highly significant (P < 0.001). Analyzed with the interaction, the difference was significant (group difference 1.95 [0.33 to 3.57], P = 0.018). The MMSE decline slope in phase 1 was significantly better in the early-start group than in the delayed-start group (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:Cognitive function deteriorated in ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers, and early-start donepezil may postpone cognitive decline in the former.

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发表时间:2021-03-24
DOI:10.1007/s11033-021-06299-9
作者列表:["Louvrier A","Terranova L","Meyer C","Meyer F","Euvrard E","Kroemer M","Rolin G"]

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