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Lung ultrasound to detect and monitor pulmonary congestion in patients with acute kidney injury in nephrology wards: a pilot study.

肺部超声检测和监测肾病病房急性肾损伤患者的肺淤血: 一项初步研究。

  • 影响因子:3.00
  • DOI:10.1007/s40620-019-00666-3
  • 作者列表:"Panuccio V","Tripepi R","Parlongo G","Mafrica A","Caridi G","Catalano F","Marino F","Tripepi G","Mallamaci F","Zoccali C
  • 发表时间:2020-04-01
Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Lung congestion and frank pulmonary edema are established complications of acute kidney injury (AKI) and early detection and monitoring of lung congestion may be useful for the clinical management of AKI patients. METHODS:We compared standardized clinical criteria (including lung crackles and peripheral edema grading) and simultaneous chest ultrasound (US) to detect lung congestion in a series of 39 inpatients with AKI. RESULTS:At baseline, twelve patients (31%) were clinically euvolemic and twelve presented clear-cur cardiovascular congestion (31%) by clinical criteria. Fifteen patients (38%) were hypovolemic. The median number of US-B lines in patients with cardiovascular congestion was much higher (50, inter-quartile range 27-99) than in euvolemic (14, IQR 11-37) and hypovolemic patients (7, IQR 3-16, P < 0.001). Remarkably, a substantial proportion of asymptomatic euvolemic (66%) and hypovolemic (46%) patients had lung congestion of moderate to severe degree (> 15 US-B lines) by lung US. Crackles severity and the number of US-B lines over time were inter-related (Spearman's ρ = 0.38, P < 0.01) but the agreement (Cohen k statistics) between the two metrics was unsatisfactory. Forty-eight percent of patients had lung congestion of moderate to severe degree by lung US and this estimate by far exceeded that by clinical criteria (32%). CONCLUSIONS:This pilot study shows that chest US has potential for the detection of lung congestion at a pre-clinical stage in AKI. The results of this pilot study form the basis for a clinical trial testing the usefulness of this technique for guiding lung congestion treatment in patients with AKI.

摘要

引言: 肺淤血和肺水肿是急性肾损伤 (AKI) 的公认并发症,早期发现和监测肺淤血可能有助于 AKI 患者的临床管理。 方法: 我们比较了 39 例 AKI 住院患者的标准化临床标准 (包括肺裂纹和外周水肿分级) 和同期胸部超声 (US),以检测肺淤血。 结果: 在基线时,根据临床标准,12 例患者 (31%) 临床血容量正常,12 例出现明显的心血管充血 (31%)。15 例 (38%) 为低血容量。心血管充血患者 US-B 线的中位数 (50,四分位距 27-99) 远高于正常血容量 (14,IQR 11-37) 和低血容量患者 (7,IQR 3-16,p <0.001)。值得注意的是,相当一部分无症状的正常血容量 (66%) 和低血容量 (46%) 患者存在肺 US 的中度至重度肺充血 (> 15 US-B 线)。随着时间的推移,爆裂声的严重程度和 US-B 线的数量相互关联 (Spearman's ρ = 0.38,p <0.01),但一致 (Cohen k 统计) 两个指标之间不令人满意。8% 的患者因肺部 US 而出现中重度肺充血,这一估计值远远超过临床标准 (32%)。 结论: 这项初步研究表明,胸部超声在 AKI 的临床前阶段有检测肺淤血的潜力。这项初步研究的结果构成了一项临床试验的基础,该试验测试了该技术对指导 AKI 患者肺淤血治疗的有用性。

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METHODS:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A critical role for sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway in the control of airway function has been demonstrated in respiratory diseases. Here, we address S1P contribution in a mouse model of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:C57BL/6J mice have been exposed to room air or cigarette smoke up to 11 months and killed at different time points. Functional and molecular studies have been performed. KEY RESULTS:Cigarette smoke caused emphysematous changes throughout the lung parenchyma coupled to a progressive collagen deposition in both peribronchiolar and peribronchial areas. The high and low airways showed an increased reactivity to cholinergic stimulation and α-smooth muscle actin overexpression. Similarly, an increase in airway reactivity and lung resistances following S1P challenge occurred in smoking mice. A high expression of S1P, Sph-K2 , and S1P receptors (S1P2 and S1P3 ) has been detected in the lung of smoking mice. Sphingosine kinases inhibition reversed the increased cholinergic response in airways of smoking mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:S1P signalling up-regulation follows the disease progression in smoking mice and is involved in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Our study defines a therapeutic potential for S1P inhibitors in management of airways hyperresponsiveness associated to emphysema in smokers with both asthma and COPD.

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影响因子:3.94
发表时间:2020-01-15
DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114847
作者列表:["Bernstein DM","Toth B","Rogers RA","Kling DE","Kunzendorf P","Phillips JI","Ernst H"]

METHODS::The interim results from this 90-day multi-dose, inhalation toxicology study with life-time post-exposure observation has shown an important fundamental difference in persistence and pathological response in the lung between brake dust derived from brake-pads manufactured with chrysotile, TiO2 or chrysotile alone in comparison to the amphiboles, crocidolite and amosite asbestos. In the brake dust exposure groups no significant pathological response was observed at any time. Slight macrophage accumulation of particles was noted. Wagner-scores, were from 1 to 2 (1 = air-control group) and were similar to the TiO2 group. Chrysotile being biodegradable, shows a weakening of its matrix and breaking into short fibers & particles that can be cleared by alveolar macrophages and continued dissolution. In the chrysotile exposure groups, particle laden macrophage accumulation was noted leading to a slight interstitial inflammatory response (Wagner-score 1-3). There was no peribronchiolar inflammation and occasional very slight interstitial fibrosis. The histopathology and the confocal analyses clearly differentiate the pathological response from amphibole asbestos, crocidolite and amosite, compared to that from the brake dust and chrysotile. Both crocidolite and amosite induced persistent inflammation, microgranulomas, and fibrosis (Wagner-scores 4), which persisted through the post exposure period. The confocal microscopy of the lung and snap-frozen chestwalls quantified the extensive inflammatory response and collagen development in the lung and on the visceral and parietal surfaces. The interim results reported here, provide a clear basis for differentiating the effects from brake dust exposure from those following amphibole asbestos exposure. The subsequent results through life-time post-exposure will follow.

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影响因子:4.04
发表时间:2020-01-10
DOI:10.1042/BST20191010
作者列表:["Zaragosi LE","Deprez M","Barbry P"]

METHODS::The respiratory tract is lined by a pseudo-stratified epithelium from the nose to terminal bronchioles. This first line of defense of the lung against external stress includes five main cell types: basal, suprabasal, club, goblet and multiciliated cells, as well as rare cells such as ionocytes, neuroendocrine and tuft/brush cells. At homeostasis, this epithelium self-renews at low rate but is able of fast regeneration upon damage. Airway epithelial cell lineages during regeneration have been investigated in the mouse by genetic labeling, mainly after injuring the epithelium with noxious agents. From these approaches, basal cells have been identified as progenitors of club, goblet and multiciliated cells, but also of ionocytes and neuroendocrine cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing, coupled to lineage inference algorithms, has independently allowed the establishment of comprehensive pictures of cell lineage relationships in both mouse and human. In line with genetic tracing experiments in mouse trachea, studies using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq) have shown that basal cells first differentiate into club cells, which in turn mature into goblet cells or differentiate into multiciliated cells. In the human airway epithelium, single-cell RNAseq has identified novel intermediate populations such as deuterosomal cells, 'hybrid' mucous-multiciliated cells and progenitors of rare cells. Novel differentiation dynamics, such as a transition from goblet to multiciliated cells have also been discovered. The future of cell lineage relationships in the respiratory tract now resides in the combination of genetic labeling approaches with single-cell RNAseq to establish, in a definitive manner, the hallmarks of cellular lineages in normal and pathological situations.

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