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National Comprehensive Analysis of Characteristics of Acral Lentiginous Melanoma.
全国综合分析肢端状黑色素瘤的特点。
- 影响因子:1.90
- DOI:10.21873/anticanres.14325
- 作者列表:"Huayllani MT","Restrepo DJ","Boczar D","Avila FR","Bagaria SP","Spaulding AC","Rinker BD","Forte AJ
- 发表时间:2020-06-01
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the least common subtype of cutaneous melanoma and typically occurs on the palms, soles, and nails. Tumor characteristics and disease severity in the US population are not well understood. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of ALM of the extremities. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients with the diagnosis of ALM and common malignant melanoma located in the extremities (CMME). We compared demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics between patients with ALM and those with CMME. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS:We identified 5,203 patients with ALM and 118,485 with CMME. When compared with patients with CMME, those with ALM were more likely to be older than 80. years at diagnosis [odds ratio (OR)=2.85, 95% confidence intervaI (CI)=2.12-3.82; p<0.001], have stage III disease (OR=4.22, 95% CI=1.47-12.16; p=0.01), and have ulceration (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.33-1.74; p<0.001). Moreover, patients with ALM were less likely to have a mitotic count of 1/mm2 or greater (OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.48-0.67; p<0.001). No statistical difference was found for sex, lymph node involvement, regression, and use of surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy between groups. CONCLUSION:Age, disease stage, ulceration, and mitotic count are independent factors associated with ALM. Knowledge of the disease characteristics may allow for better diagnosis and understanding of disease pathophysiology.
摘要
背景/目的: 肢端状黑色素瘤 (ALM) 是最不常见的皮肤黑色素瘤亚型,通常发生在手掌、足底和指甲。美国人群的肿瘤特征和疾病严重程度还不是很清楚。我们的目的是分析四肢ALM的特征。 患者和方法: 我们查询了国家癌症数据库,以确定诊断为ALM和位于四肢的常见恶性黑色素瘤 (CMME) 的患者。我们比较了ALM患者和CMME患者的人口统计学、肿瘤和治疗特征。采用卡方检验和多因素logistic回归模型进行统计分析。 结果: 我们确定了 5,203 例ALM患者和 118,485 例CMME患者。与CMME患者相比,ALM患者更容易超过 80 岁。诊断时的年 [优势比 (OR)= 2.85,95% 置信intervaI (CI)= 2.12-3.82; p<0.001],有III期疾病 (OR = 4.22,95% CI = 1.47-12.16; p = 0.01),并出现溃疡 (OR = 1.52,95% CI = 1.33-1.74; p<0.001)。此外,ALM患者核分裂计数不超过 1/mm2 (or = 0.57,95% CI = 0.48-0.67; p<0.001)。两组间性别、淋巴结受累、消退以及手术、放疗和免疫治疗的使用无统计学差异。 结论: 年龄、疾病分期、溃疡、核分裂计数是ALM的独立相关因素。了解疾病特征可以更好地诊断和理解疾病的病理生理学。
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METHODS::Blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome (BRBNS) is an extremely rare venous malformation that often manifests as multiple haemangioma-like lesions in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. The drug sirolimus plays a key role in the signalling pathway of angiogenesis and subsequent development of BRBNS and its use has been described in several case reports. We present a case series of four patients with BRBNS who exhibited good treatment response to sirolimus. All four patients were administered oral sirolimus at doses of 1.0-1.5 mg/m2 /day with a target drug level of 5-10 ng/mL and median treatment duration of 20 months. All patients had a reduction in the size of the lesions and a normalization of coagulopathy with tolerable drug adverse reactions at follow-up. Sirolimus may be effective and safe in paediatric patients with BRBNS. Further prospective studies are suggested to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this drug.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are associated with common dermatologic and nondermatologic diseases. Although HPV vaccines are well established as preventive measures for genital warts and cervical neoplasia, their use as therapeutic agents deserves greater attention. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the use of HPV vaccine(s) as a treatment modality for cutaneous and/or mucosal disease. METHODS:A primary literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted in January 2019 by using the PubMed and Cochrane databases. RESULTS:A total of 63 articles with 4439 patients were included. The majority of patients with cutaneous warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas were successfully treated with HPV vaccination. Preliminary data on patients with pre-existing anogenital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is promising. LIMITATIONS:This review was limited by the lack of controls, patients' previous HPV vaccination status, and publication bias. CONCLUSION:The commercially available three-dose, quadrivalent HPV vaccine is a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of cutaneous warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas. Noncommercially available HPV vaccines demonstrate therapeutic response for treating anogenital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. The vaccine's efficacy as an adjunct therapy for HPV-associated cutaneous and/or mucosal disease warrants further exploration.
METHODS::Our understanding of melanoma precursors and progression to melanoma has developed as a result of advances in the field of molecular diagnostics. We now better understand the potential for genetic heterogeneity within a single lesion. Combined tumors can pose a diagnostic challenge when deciding the line between benign and malignant, which in turn has direct implications for patient management. Primary cilia (PC) are ubiquitous sensory organelles that have essential functions in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and development. The ciliation index (percentage of ciliated melanocytes) has been shown to reliably differentiate melanoma, which fail to ciliate, from melanocytic nevi, which retain PC. We therefore analyzed the potential for using the ciliation index to differentiate benign and malignant components in combined melanocytic lesions. We collected patient samples (n = 10) of unequivocal combined lesions with both melanoma and associated nevus components. Melanocytes were highlighted with SOX10 and costained with gamma-Tubulin and acetylated alpha-Tubulin to highlight the basal body and cilium, respectively. The number of melanocytes retaining cilia under high-power microscopy was examined. The melanoma component had average of 4% ciliation (SD: 7%), whereas the associated nevus component was significantly higher with 59% ciliation (SD: 17%). These data show that PC may be a reliable means of distinguishing benign from malignant components within a single tumor. The ciliation index may be a helpful tool in distinguishing challenging cases of combined lesions of melanoma in situ with a dermal nevus component from invasive melanoma, thus promoting improved staging and clinical management.
皮肤肿瘤是发生在皮肤的细胞增生性疾病,是一种常见病。发生于皮内或皮下组织的新生物,种类很多,临床上分良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤。恶性肿瘤可以不断增殖,引起转移,威胁生命,称为皮肤癌。