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Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships - Worldwide, February-March 2020.

2020 年 2-3 月,全球对游轮新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发的公共卫生应对。

  • 影响因子:7.42
  • DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e3
  • 作者列表:"Moriarty LF","Plucinski MM","Marston BJ","Kurbatova EV","Knust B","Murray EL","Pesik N","Rose D","Fitter D","Kobayashi M","Toda M","Cantey PT","Scheuer T","Halsey ES","Cohen NJ","Stockman L","Wadford DA","Medley AM","Green G","Regan JJ","Tardivel K","White S","Brown C","Morales C","Yen C","Wittry B","Freeland A","Naramore S","Novak RT","Daigle D","Weinberg M","Acosta A","Herzig C","Kapella BK","Jacobson KR","Lamba K","Ishizumi A","Sarisky J","Svendsen E","Blocher T","Wu C","Charles J","Wagner R","Stewart A","Mead PS","Kurylo E","Campbell S","Murray R","Weidle P","Cetron M","Friedman CR","CDC Cruise Ship Response Team.","California Department of Public Health COVID-19 Team.","Solano County COVID-19 Team.
  • 发表时间:2020-03-27
Abstract

:An estimated 30 million passengers are transported on 272 cruise ships worldwide each year* (1). Cruise ships bring diverse populations into proximity for many days, facilitating transmission of respiratory illness (2). SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since spread worldwide to at least 187 countries and territories. Widespread COVID-19 transmission on cruise ships has been reported as well (3). Passengers on certain cruise ship voyages might be aged ≥65 years, which places them at greater risk for severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection (4). During February-March 2020, COVID-19 outbreaks associated with three cruise ship voyages have caused more than 800 laboratory-confirmed cases among passengers and crew, including 10 deaths. Transmission occurred across multiple voyages of several ships. This report describes public health responses to COVID-19 outbreaks on these ships. COVID-19 on cruise ships poses a risk for rapid spread of disease, causing outbreaks in a vulnerable population, and aggressive efforts are required to contain spread. All persons should defer all cruise travel worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.

摘要

: 估计每年在全球 3000万艘游轮上运送 272 名乘客 * (1)。游轮将不同的人群带到附近很多天,促进呼吸系统疾病的传播 (2)。SARS-CoV-2,病毒导致冠状病毒病毒病 (alzheimer's disease,新型冠状病毒肺炎) 首次确认号,在十二月 2019,此后一直在全球范围内蔓延到至少 187 个国家和地区.游轮上广泛的新型冠状病毒肺炎传播也有报道 (3)。某些游轮航行的乘客年龄可能 ≥ 65 岁,这使他们面临感染SARS-CoV-2 的严重后果的更大风险。在 2020 年 2 月至 3 月期间,与三艘游轮航行相关的新型冠状病毒肺炎次疫情已造成乘客和船员超过 800 人的实验室确诊病例,其中包括 10 人死亡。传输发生在几艘船的多个航次上。本报告描述了对这些船舶上新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发的公共卫生反应。游轮上的新型冠状病毒肺炎构成疾病快速传播的风险,导致弱势人群爆发疫情,需要采取积极措施遏制传播。在新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行期间,所有人都应推迟全球所有邮轮旅行。

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发表时间:2020-04-01
来源期刊:Infection
DOI:10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y
作者列表:["Cheng ZJ","Shan J"]

METHODS::There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8 days.

呼吸道感染方向

呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。

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