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Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals.

武汉两家医院SARS-CoV-2 空气动力学分析.

  • 影响因子:15.21
  • DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2271-3
  • 作者列表:"Liu Y","Ning Z","Chen Y","Guo M","Liu Y","Gali NK","Sun L","Duan Y","Cai J","Westerdahl D","Liu X","Xu K","Ho KF","Kan H","Fu Q","Lan K
  • 发表时间:2020-06-01
Abstract

:The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly on a global scale. Although it is clear that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted through human respiratory droplets and direct contact, the potential for aerosol transmission is poorly understood1-3. Here we investigated the aerodynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in aerosols in different areas of two Wuhan hospitals during the outbreak of COVID-19 in February and March 2020. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols that was detected in isolation wards and ventilated patient rooms was very low, but it was higher in the toilet areas used by the patients. Levels of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the most public areas was undetectable, except in two areas that were prone to crowding; this increase was possibly due to individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the crowd. We found that some medical staff areas initially had high concentrations of viral RNA with aerosol size distributions that showed peaks in the submicrometre and/or supermicrometre regions; however, these levels were reduced to undetectable levels after implementation of rigorous sanitization procedures. Although we have not established the infectivity of the virus detected in these hospital areas, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to be transmitted through aerosols. Our results indicate that room ventilation, open space, sanitization of protective apparel, and proper use and disinfection of toilet areas can effectively limit the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols. Future work should explore the infectivity of aerosolized virus.

摘要

: 冠状病毒疾病 2019 (新型冠状病毒肺炎) 的持续爆发已在全球范围内迅速蔓延。虽然很明显,新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2) 是通过人体呼吸飞沫和直接接触传播的,但气溶胶传播的潜力并不understood1-3。在这里,我们通过测量两个武汉医院在 2020 年 2 月和 3 月SARS-CoV-2 爆发期间不同地区气溶胶中的病毒RNA来调查新型冠状病毒肺炎的空气动力学性质。在隔离病房和通风病房检测到的气溶胶中SARS-CoV-2 RNA浓度很低,但在患者使用的厕所区域较高。大多数公共区域的空气SARS-CoV-2 RNA水平检测不到,除了两个容易拥挤的区域; 这种增加可能是由于人群中感染了SARS-CoV-2 的个体。我们发现一些医务人员区域最初具有高浓度的病毒RNA,气溶胶大小分布在亚微米和/或超微区域显示出峰值; 然而,在实施严格的消毒程序后,这些水平降低到检测不到的水平。虽然我们还没有确定在这些医院地区检测到的病毒的传染性,但我们建议SARS-CoV-2 可能通过气溶胶传播。我们的结果表明,房间通风,开放空间,防护服装的消毒,以及正确使用和消毒厕所区域可以有效地限制气溶胶中SARS-CoV-2 RNA的浓度。今后的工作应探索雾化病毒的传染性。

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影响因子:1.60
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DOI:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e79
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METHODS::Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, β-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed.

影响因子:4.36
发表时间:2020-02-17
DOI:10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071
作者列表:["Zhang W","Du RH","Li B","Zheng XS","Yang XL","Hu B","Wang YY","Xiao GF","Yan B","Shi ZL","Zhou P"]

METHODS::In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.48
发表时间:2020-04-01
来源期刊:Infection
DOI:10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y
作者列表:["Cheng ZJ","Shan J"]

METHODS::There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8 days.

呼吸道感染方向

呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。

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