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Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates.

了解新型冠状病毒肺炎: 数字比率 (2D:4D) 和国家病死率的性别差异。

  • 影响因子:2.23
  • DOI:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105074
  • 作者列表:"Manning JT","Fink B
  • 发表时间:2020-07-01
Abstract

BACKGROUND:The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen). AIM:To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. STUDY DESIGN:COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study). SUBJECTS:103,482 men and 83,366 women. OUTCOME MEASURES:Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries. RESULTS:Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths. CONCLUSIONS:At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2).

摘要

背景: 报告的冠状病毒疾病 2019 的全国病例死亡率 (CFRs) (新型冠状病毒肺炎) 显示男性> 女性的性别偏倚。指数 (2D) 和戒指 (4D) 手指的相对长度 (数字比; 2D:4D) 是一种性别二形性 (男性 <女性) 胎儿性类固醇的代理 (低 2D:4D表示产前睾酮高/产前雌激素低)。 目的: 探讨每个国家 2D:4D与新型冠状病毒肺炎CFRs国家值的性别特异性关系。 研究设计: CFRs新型冠状病毒肺炎和男性死亡百分比与平均国家 (自我报告) 2D:4D (性别和手) 相关,来自一项大型在线调查 (BBC互联网研究)。 研究对象: 男性 103,482 例,女性 83,366 例。 结局指标: 平均国家 2D:4D与来自 41 个国家的CFRs和来自 16 个国家的国家男性死亡率的关系。 结果: 男性右手和左手 2D:4D与CFR呈正相关。去除女性 2D:4D的影响后,这些关系仍然显著。男性右侧和左侧 2D:4D与男性死亡百分比检测到正相关。 结论: 在国家一级,高平均 2D:4D (表明产前睾酮水平低/产前雌激素水平高) 与高CFRs和男性死亡率百分比相关。在个体水平,高 2D:4D可能是男性新型冠状病毒肺炎严重程度的危险因素。我们推测男性 2D:4D与SARS-CoV2 受体 (ACE2) 的表达呈负相关。

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影响因子:4.36
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翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.48
发表时间:2020-04-01
来源期刊:Infection
DOI:10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y
作者列表:["Cheng ZJ","Shan J"]

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呼吸道感染方向

呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。

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