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Clinical characteristics of four cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China.
武汉地区 4 例SARS-CoV-2 感染肿瘤患者的临床特征分析
- 影响因子:3.0670
- DOI:10.1186/s40249-020-00707-1
- 作者列表:"Song SH","Chen TL","Deng LP","Zhang YX","Mo PZ","Gao SC","Hu WJ","Xiong Y","Ma ZY
- 发表时间:2020-07-02
Abstract
BACKGROUND:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan. The virus is highly infectious. Patients with cancer might be susceptible to the viral infection because of the immunosuppressive state cause by therapies on tumors. CASE PRESENTATION:We present the clinical features of four cancer patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in late January of 2020 in our hospital. Cases 1 and 3 were diagnosed as mild and common type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and survived from the viral infection. They acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection during their staying in hospital under radiotherapy and surgery of the tumors. Cases 2 and 4 suffered from severe type of COVID-19, and Case 2 was dead owning to the advanced age, uncontrolled chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia and many other underlying diseases. The immunosuppressive state induced by liver transplantation and anti-rejection therapy might contribute to the severity of COVID-19 in Case 4, who suffered from hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, Case 4 was recovered from COVID-19 after a combination therapy against virus, bacteria and fungi, and also respiratory support. Nearly all patients showed a decrease in lymphocytes including total CD3+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells after infection of the virus. CONCLUSIONS:The severity of COVID-19 might be influenced by immune system state and underlying diseases in cancer patients. And the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is challenged by the immunosuppressive state of these patients under chemotherapy or surgery.
摘要
背景: 新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2) 导致武汉地区肺炎暴发流行。这种病毒传染性很强。由于肿瘤治疗引起的免疫抑制状态,癌症患者可能容易受到病毒感染。 病例报告: 我们介绍了我院 2020 年 1 月下旬感染SARS-CoV-2 的 4 例癌症患者的临床特征。病例 1 和 3 诊断为轻度和普通型冠状病毒病 2019 (COVID-2019),并从病毒感染存活。他们在接受放疗和肿瘤手术的住院期间获得了SARS-CoV-2 感染。2 、 4 例为重症新型冠状病毒肺炎,2 例死于高龄、未控制的慢性B淋巴细胞白血病等多种基础疾病。肝移植和抗排斥治疗引起的免疫抑制状态可能导致病例 4 乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌的新型冠状病毒肺炎严重程度。然而,病例 4 在联合治疗病毒、细菌和真菌以及呼吸支持后从新型冠状病毒肺炎中恢复。感染病毒后,几乎所有患者的淋巴细胞均减少,包括CD3 + T细胞总数、b细胞和自然杀伤细胞。 结论: 肿瘤患者免疫系统状态和基础疾病可能影响新型冠状病毒肺炎的严重程度。肿瘤患者SARS-CoV-2 感染的治疗受到化疗或手术患者免疫抑制状态的挑战。
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METHODS::Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, β-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed.
METHODS::In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes.
METHODS::There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8 days.
呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。