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Severe acute dried gangrene in COVID-19 infection: a case report.
新型冠状病毒肺炎感染严重急性干性坏疽 1 例。
- 影响因子:2.21
- DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202005_21369
- 作者列表:"Novara E","Molinaro E","Benedetti I","Bonometti R","Lauritano EC","Boverio R
- 发表时间:2020-05-01
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related coagulopathy may be the first clinical manifestation even in non-vasculopathic patients and is often associated with worse clinical outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION:A 78 years old woman was admitted to the Emergency Unit with respiratory symptoms, confusion and cyanosis at the extremity, in particular at the nose area, hands and feet fingers. A nasal swab for COVID-19 was performed, which resulted positive, and so therapy with doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine and antiviral agents was started. At admission, the patient was hemodynamically unstable requiring circulatory support with liquids and norepinephrine; laboratory tests showed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). During hospitalization, the clinical condition worsened and the cyanosis of the nose, fingers, and toes rapidly increased and became dried gangrene in three days. Subsequently, the neurological state deteriorated into a coma and the patient died. DISCUSSION:In severe cases, COVID-19 could be complicated by acute respiratory disease syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. This case report shows the quick development of dried gangrene in a non-vasculopathic patient, as a consequence of COVID-19's coagulopathy and DIC. CONCLUSIONS:In our patient, COVID-19 related coagulopathy was associated with poor prognosis.
摘要
目的: 冠状病毒病 2019 (新型冠状病毒肺炎) 相关的凝血功能障碍可能是首发临床表现,即使在非血管病患者,往往与较差的临床结果相关联。 病例报告: 一名 78 岁的妇女因呼吸道症状、意识模糊和四肢发绀,特别是鼻子区、手和脚手指出现发绀而被送入急诊室。经鼻拭子新型冠状病毒肺炎,结果阳性,开始强力霉素、羟氯喹和抗病毒药物治疗。入院时,患者血流动力学不稳定,需要使用液体和去甲肾上腺素进行循环支持; 实验室检查显示弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC)。住院期间,临床病情加重,三天内鼻、指、趾发绀迅速增多,变干坏疽。随后,神经状态恶化为昏迷,患者死亡。 讨论: 重症病例可并发急性呼吸系统疾病综合征、感染休克、多器官功能衰竭等新型冠状病毒肺炎。本病例报告显示,由于新型冠状病毒肺炎凝血功能障碍和DIC,非血管性患者出现干性坏疽。 结论: 在我们的患者中,新型冠状病毒肺炎相关性凝血功能障碍与不良预后相关。
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METHODS::Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, β-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed.
METHODS::In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes.
METHODS::There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8 days.
呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。