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Clinical significance of viral-bacterial codetection among young children with respiratory tract infections: Findings of RSV, influenza, adenoviral infections.
呼吸道感染幼儿中病毒-细菌共检测的临床意义: RSV、流感、腺病毒感染的发现。
- 影响因子:1.95
- DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000018504
- 作者列表:"Jung J","Seo E","Yoo RN","Sung H","Lee J
- 发表时间:2020-01-01
Abstract
:We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of bacterial coexistence and the coinfection dynamics between bacteria and respiratory viruses among young children. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from children aged < 5 years hospitalized with a community-acquired single respiratory viral infection of influenza, adenovirus, or RSV during 2 recent consecutive influenza seasons. Remnant respiratory specimens were used for bacterial PCR targeting Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus.A total of 102 children were included; median age was 0.8 years and 44.1% had underlying comorbidities. Overall, 6.8% (7/102) of cases were classified as severe diseases requiring intensive care unit admission and/or mechanical ventilation and ranged from 8.8% for a patient with RSV and 7.6% for those with adenovirus to 0% for those with influenza viruses. The overall viral-bacterial codetection rate was 59.8% (61/102); M catarrhalis was the most frequent (33.3%), followed by H influenzae (31.4%). Influenza cases showed higher bacterial codetection rates (80.0%; 8/10) compared with those with adenoviruses (69.2%; 9/13) and RSV (55.7%; 44/79). S pneumoniae and H influenzae codetections were associated with reduced severity (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.89), and reduced risk of wheezing (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13-0.98), respectively.We observed the interactions between respiratory viruses and bacteria and the clinical significance of viral-bacterial coexistence in upper airway on disease severity. Future study will be necessary to elucidate the active interactions between different viruses and bacteria and give clues to risk stratified strategy in the management of respiratory infections among young children.
摘要
: 我们旨在评价幼儿细菌共存和细菌与呼吸道病毒共感染动力学的临床意义。我们回顾性分析了最近连续 2 个流感季节因社区获得性流感、腺病毒或RSV单一呼吸道病毒感染住院的 5 岁以下儿童的临床资料。使用残余呼吸道标本进行针对卡他莫拉菌、流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的细菌PCR。共纳入 102 例儿童; 中位年龄为 0.8 岁,44.1% 有潜在的合并症。总体,6.8% (7/102) 80% 的病例被归类为需要重症监护室入院和/或机械通气的严重疾病,从RSV患者的 8.8% 和腺病毒患者的 7.6% 到流感病毒患者的 0% 不等。总体病毒-细菌共检出率为 59.8% (61/102); 粘细菌M最常见 (33.3%),其次是流感嗜血杆菌 (31.4%)。流感病例的细菌共检出率 (80.0%; 8/10) 高于腺病毒 (69.2%; 9/13) 和RSV (55.7%; 44/79)。S肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌codetection s是一个s s功能障碍有关的减少s everity (aOR,0.24; 95% CI,0.07-0.89),降低ri s k喘息 (aOR,0.36; 95% CI,0.13-0.98),分别为s。我们ob s erved互动s re s piratory viru s e s和细菌临床s意义病毒抗菌coexi s唐斯上气道的di s ea s e s everity。未来的研究将有必要阐明不同病毒和细菌之间的主动相互作用,并为幼儿呼吸道感染管理中的风险分层策略提供线索。
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METHODS::Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, β-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed.
METHODS::In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China, and soon spread to other parts of the world. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. However, many coronaviruses can also be transmitted through oral-fecal route by infecting intestines. Whether 2019-nCoV infected patients also carry virus in other organs like intestine need to be tested. We conducted investigation on patients in a local hospital who were infected with this virus. We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral-fecal route. We also showed serology test can improve detection positive rate thus should be used in future epidemiology. Our report provides a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be shed through multiple routes.
METHODS::There is a current worldwide outbreak of a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan in China and has now spread to 17 other countries. Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak spiraling into a global health emergency. At this stage, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial to risk assessments and beginning outbreak control activities. This information should include reports from outbreak sites and from laboratories supporting the investigation. This paper aggregates and consolidates the virology, epidemiology, clinical management strategies from both English and Chinese literature, official news channels, and other official government documents. In addition, by fitting the number of infections with a single-term exponential model, we report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling period of 1.8 days.
呼吸道感染分为上呼吸道感染与下呼吸道感染。上呼吸道感染是指自鼻腔至喉部之间的急性炎症的总称,是最常见的感染性疾病。下呼吸道感染是最常见的感染性疾患,治疗时必须明确引起感染的病原体以选择有效的抗生素。