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Activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: significant correlation between p-4E-BP1 expression in cholangiocarcinoma component and prognosis

Akt/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白通路在肝细胞肝癌和胆管癌联合组织中的激活: 胆管癌组织中 p-4E-BP1 表达与预后的关系

  • 影响因子:2.52
  • DOI:10.1007/s00428-019-02741-3
  • 作者列表:"Okumura, Yukihiko","Kohashi, Kenichi","Tanaka, Yuki","Kato, Masaki","Maehara, Yoshihiko","Ogawa, Yoshihiro","Oda, Yoshinao
  • 发表时间:2020-01-11
Abstract

The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which plays an important role in regulating cellular functions including proliferation, motility, and invasion, is known to be activated in many cancers. Combined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (cHCC-CC) has wide histological diversity characterized by relatively poor prognosis. Because of a lack of investigation into its molecular mechanisms, no effective systemic therapy is currently available for unresectable cHCC-CC tumors. Here, we retrospectively examined the clinicopathological and activation statuses of the Akt/mTOR pathway in 89 cases of cHCC-CC. Expression levels of molecular markers associated with this signaling pathway, including phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), p-mTOR, p-ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6RP), and p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (p-4E-BP1), were measured by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, such activation in different cHCC-CC morphological categories was compared by dividing cases into those with HCC ( n  = 86), CC ( n  = 78), and intermediate components ( n  = 60). Comparison of prognosis among these groups revealed that p-4E-BP1 immunopositivity in cHCC-CC cases containing CC a component was a significant risk factor for poorer overall survival ( P  = 0.041). By evaluating factors in p-4E-BP1 expression in 78 cHCC-CC cases with a CC component, only lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with positive immunostaining for p-4E-BP1 ( P  = 0.0222). In conclusion, p-4E-BP1 expression, especially in cHCC-CC cases with a CC component, was a notable Akt/mTOR pathway-related factor associated with poor prognosis. Assessing histological structure and p-4E-BP1 expression in cHCC-CC may be helpful for both predicting prognosis and using molecular targeted therapy.

摘要

Akt/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (mTOR) 通路在调节细胞功能,包括增殖、运动和侵袭中起重要作用,已知在许多癌症中被激活。联合肝细胞癌 (HCC) 和胆管癌 (CC) (cHCC-CC) 具有广泛的组织学多样性,其特点是预后相对较差。由于缺乏对其分子机制的研究,目前尚无有效的全身治疗可用于不可切除的 cHCC-CC 肿瘤。在此,我们回顾性检查了 89 例 cHCC-CC 的临床病理和 Akt/mTOR 通路的激活状态。与该信号通路相关的分子标记物的表达水平,包括第 10 号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物 (PTEN) 、磷酸化 Akt (p-Akt) 、 p-mTOR 、通过免疫组织化学染色测定 p-核糖体蛋白 S6 (p-S6RP) 和 p-真核翻译起始因子 4E (eIF4E) 结合蛋白 1 (p-4E-BP1)。此外,通过将病例分为 HCC (n = 86) 、 CC (n = 78),比较不同 cHCC-CC 形态学类别中的这种激活, 和中间组分 (n = 60)。两组间预后比较显示,含 CC a 成分的 cHCC-CC 病例的 p-4E-BP1 免疫阳性是总生存期较差的显著危险因素 (P = 0.041)。通过对 78 例有 CC 成分的 cHCC-CC 病例中 p-4E-BP1 表达的因素进行评估,只有淋巴结转移与 p-4E-BP1 免疫染色阳性显著相关 (P = 0.0222)。总之,p-4E-BP1 的表达,特别是在 cHCC-CC 病例中,是与不良预后相关的一个显著的 Akt/mTOR 通路相关因子。评估 cHCC-CC 的组织学结构和 p-4E-BP1 的表达可能有助于预测预后和分子靶向治疗。

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作者列表:["Moon AM","Jiang Y","Rogal SS","Tapper EB","Lieber SR","Barritt AS 4th"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Opioids are often prescribed for pain in cirrhosis and may increase the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). AIMS:To assess the association between opioids and HE in patients with well-compensated cirrhosis. METHODS:We used the IQVIA PharMetrics (Durham, NC) database to identify patients aged 18-64 years with cirrhosis. We excluded patients with any decompensation event from 1 year before cirrhosis diagnosis to 6 months after cirrhosis diagnosis. Over the 6 months after cirrhosis diagnosis, we determined the duration of continuous opioid use and classified use into short term (1-89 days) and chronic (90-180 days). We assessed whether patients developed HE over the subsequent year (ie 6-18 months after cirrhosis diagnosis). We used a landmark analysis and performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess associations between opioid use and HE, adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS:The cohort included 6451 patients with compensated cirrhosis, of whom 23.3% and 4.7% had short-term and chronic opioid prescriptions respectively. Over the subsequent year, HE occurred in 6.3% patients with chronic opioid prescriptions, 5.0% with short-term opioid prescriptions and 3.3% with no opioid prescriptions. In the multivariable model, an increased risk of HE was observed with short-term (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07-1.94) and chronic opioid prescriptions (adjusted HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.12) compared to no opioid prescriptions. CONCLUSION:In this national cohort of privately insured patients with cirrhosis, opioid prescriptions were associated with the risk of incident HE. Opioid use should be minimised in those with cirrhosis and, when required, limited to short duration.

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翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:3.87
发表时间:2020-02-01
DOI:10.1111/liv.14321
作者列表:["Chen VL","Chen Y","Du X","Handelman SK","Speliotes EK"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Cirrhosis is characterized by extensive fibrosis of the liver and is a major cause of liver-related mortality. Cirrhosis is partially heritable but genetic contributions to cirrhosis have not been systemically explored. Here, we carry out association analyses with cirrhosis in two large biobanks and determine the effects of cirrhosis associated variants on multiple human disease/traits. METHODS:We carried out a genome-wide association analysis of cirrhosis as a diagnosis in UK BioBank (UKBB; 1088 cases vs. 407 873 controls) and then tested top-associating loci for replication with cirrhosis in a hospital-based cohort from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI; 875 cases of cirrhosis vs. 30 346 controls). For replicating variants or variants previously associated with cirrhosis that also affected cirrhosis in UKBB or MGI, we determined single nucleotide polymorphism effects on all other diagnoses in UKBB (PheWAS), common metabolic traits/diseases and serum/plasma metabolites. RESULTS:Unbiased genome-wide association study identified variants in/near PNPLA3 and HFE, and candidate variant analysis identified variants in/near TM6SF2, MBOAT7, SERPINA1, HSD17B13, STAT4 and IFNL4 that reproducibly affected cirrhosis. Most affected liver enzyme concentrations and/or aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index. PheWAS, metabolic trait and serum/plasma metabolite association analyses revealed effects of these variants on lipid, inflammatory and other processes including new effects on many human diseases and traits. CONCLUSIONS:We identified eight loci that reproducibly associate with population-based cirrhosis and define their diverse effects on human diseases and traits.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.57
发表时间:2020-02-01
DOI:10.1111/eci.13198
作者列表:["Li H","Wieser A","Zhang J","Liss I","Markwardt D","Hornung R","Neumann-Cip AC","Mayerle J","Gerbes A","Steib CJ"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. In recent years, it has been postulated that the rate of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing, especially in nosocomial SBP patients. Aim of the present work was to investigate this hypothesis and its possible clinical consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS:One hundred and three culture-positive patients between 2007 and 2014 were compared with 81 patients between 2015 and 2017, to study the change of microbiological profiles and their clinical consequences. The cirrhosis patients with bacterascites requiring treatment were included as well. RESULTS:The most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria isolated from ascites were Enterobacterales (31.6%) and in Gram-positive pathogens Staphylococci (22.8%). There was a significant increase in MDROs (22.3% ICU 40.7%, P = .048), accompanied by an increased incidence of sepsis (from 21.4% to 37.0%, P = .021), hepatorenal syndrome (from 40.8% to 58.0%, P = .007) and the need of catecholamine therapy (from 21.4% to 38.8%, P = .036). Nosocomial origin correlated with higher MDRO proportion, more complications and lower antimicrobial susceptibility rates in 12 commonly used antibiotics. MDROs were confirmed as an isolated predictor for inpatient mortality and complications in multivariable logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS:The feeling in clinical practice that MDROs have increased in the last 11 years could be confirmed in our study in Munich, Germany. Nosocomial SBP correlated with significantly higher MDRO rates (nearly 50%) and complication rates. In our opinion, an antibiotic combination with comprehensive effect should be taken into account in nosocomial SBP patients in this region.

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