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Avoiding skull radiographs in infants with suspected inflicted injury who also undergo head CT: "a no-brainer?"

避免对疑似受伤的婴儿进行头颅x光检查,这些婴儿也接受了头部CT: “不需要动脑筋?”

  • 影响因子:4.08
  • DOI:10.1007/s00330-019-06579-w
  • 作者列表:"Martin A","Paddock M","Johns CS","Smith J","Raghavan A","Connolly DJA","Offiah AC
  • 发表时间:2020-03-01
Abstract

OBJECTIVES:To assess whether head CT with 3D reconstruction can replace skull radiographs (SXR) in the imaging investigation of suspected physical abuse (SPA)/abusive head trauma (AHT). METHODS:PACS was interrogated for antemortem skeletal surveys performed for SPA, patients younger than 2 years, SXR and CT performed within 4 days of each other. Paired SXR and CT were independently reviewed. One reviewer analysed CT without and (3 months later) with 3D reconstructions. SXR and CT expert consensus review formed the gold standard. Observer reliability was calculated. RESULTS:A total of 104 SXR/CT examination pairs were identified, mean age 6.75 months (range 4 days to 2 years); 21 (20%) had skull fractures; two fractures on CT were missed on SXR. There were no fractures on SXR that were not seen on CT. For SXR and CT, respectively: PPV reviewer 1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 48-82% and 85-100%; reviewer 2, 67-98% and 82-100%; and NPV reviewer 1, 95%, CI 88-98% and 96-100%; reviewer 2, 88-97% and 88-98%. Inter- and intra-observer reliability were respectively the following: SXR, excellent (kappa = 0.831) and good (kappa = 0.694); CT, excellent (kappa = 0.831) and perfect (kappa = 1). All results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:CT has greater diagnostic accuracy than SXR in detecting skull fractures which is increased on concurrent review of 3D reconstructions and should be performed in every case of SPA/AHT. SXR does not add further diagnostic information and can be omitted from the skeletal survey when CT with 3D reconstruction is going to be, or has been, performed. KEY POINTS:• Head CT with 3D reconstruction is more sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of skull fractures. • Skull radiographs can be safely omitted from the initial skeletal survey performed for suspected physical abuse when head CT with 3D reconstruction is going to be, or has been, performed.

摘要

目的: 评估头部CT三维重建能否代替颅骨x线片 (SXR) 在疑似躯体虐待 (SPA)/虐待性头部外伤 (AHT) 的影像学检查中。 方法: 对PACS进行生前骨骼调查,对SPA、2岁以下患者、SXR和CT在4天内进行检查。对配对的SXR和CT进行独立审查。一名审查者分析了没有3D重建的CT和 (3个月后) 3D重建的CT。SXR与CT专家共识评审形成金标准。计算观察者的可靠性。 结果: 共鉴定出104对SXR/ct检查,平均年龄6.75个月 (范围4天至2岁); 21 (20%) 例有颅骨骨折; CT上有两处骨折在SXR上漏诊。没有骨折对SXR未见过CT.对于SXR和CT,分别为: PPV审核1,95% 置信区间 (CI) 48-82% 和85-100%; 审核2,67-98% 和82-100%; 和NPV审核1,95%,CI 88-98% 和96-100%; 审核2,88-97% 和88-98%。内部和相互间的观测器可靠性分别如下: SXR,优秀 (kappa  =   0.831) 和良好的 (kappa  =   0.694); CT,优秀 (kappa  =   0.831) 和完善 (kappa  =   1).所有结果均有统计学意义 (p <0.001)。 结论: CT在检测颅骨骨折方面比SXR具有更高的诊断准确性,在三维重建的同时复查时增加,并且应该在每个SPA/AHT病例中进行。SXR没有添加进一步的诊断信息,并且当具有3D重建的CT将要或已经执行时,可以从骨骼调查中省略。 要点: • 头部CT三维重建对颅骨骨折的诊断更为敏感和特异。•当使用3D重建的头部CT将要进行或已经进行时,可以安全地从对疑似身体虐待进行的初始骨骼调查中省略颅骨射线照片。

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影响因子:4.08
发表时间:2020-01-01
来源期刊:European radiology
DOI:10.1007/s00330-019-06319-0
作者列表:["Delattre BMA","Boudabbous S","Hansen C","Neroladaki A","Hachulla AL","Vargas MI"]

METHODS:OBJECTIVES:The aim was to evaluate the image quality and sensitivity to artifacts of compressed sensing (CS) acceleration technique, applied to 3D or breath-hold sequences in different clinical applications from brain to knee. METHODS:CS with an acceleration from 30 to 60% and conventional MRI sequences were performed in 10 different applications in 107 patients, leading to 120 comparisons. Readers were blinded to the technique for quantitative (contrast-to-noise ratio or functional measurements for cardiac cine) and qualitative (image quality, artifacts, diagnostic findings, and preference) image analyses. RESULTS:No statistically significant difference in image quality or artifacts was found for each sequence except for the cardiac cine CS for one of both readers and for the wrist 3D proton density (PD)-weighted CS sequence which showed less motion artifacts due to the reduced acquisition time. The contrast-to-noise ratio was lower for the elbow CS sequence but not statistically different in all other applications. Diagnostic findings were similar between conventional and CS sequence for all the comparisons except for four cases where motion artifacts corrupted either the conventional or the CS sequence. CONCLUSIONS:The evaluated CS sequences are ready to be used in clinical daily practice except for the elbow application which requires a lower acceleration. The CS factor should be tuned for each organ and sequence to obtain good image quality. It leads to 30% to 60% acceleration in the applications evaluated in this study which has a significant impact on clinical workflow. KEY POINTS:• Clinical implementation of compressed sensing (CS) reduced scan times of at least 30% with only minor penalty in image quality and no change in diagnostic findings. • The CS acceleration factor has to be tuned separately for each organ and sequence to guarantee similar image quality than conventional acquisition. • At least 30% and up to 60% acceleration is feasible in specific sequences in clinical routine.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.98
发表时间:2020-01-01
DOI:10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014962
作者列表:["Guo W","Liu H","Tan Z","Zhang X","Gao J","Zhang L","Guo H","Bai H","Cui W","Liu X","Wu X","Luo J","Qu Y"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:The main surgical techniques for spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage include stereotactic aspiration, endoscopic aspiration, and craniotomy. However, credible evidence is still needed to validate the effect of these techniques. OBJECTIVE:To explore the long-term outcomes of the three surgical techniques in the treatment of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. METHODS:Five hundred and sixteen patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage who received stereotactic aspiration, endoscopic aspiration, or craniotomy were reviewed retrospectively. Six-month mortality and the modified Rankin Scale score were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of different surgical techniques on patient outcomes. RESULTS:For the entire cohort, the 6-month mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was significantly lower than that in the stereotactic aspiration group (odds ratio (OR) 4.280, 95% CI 2.186 to 8.380); the 6-month mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was lower than that in the craniotomy group, but the difference was not significant (OR=1.930, 95% CI 0.835 to 4.465). A further subgroup analysis was stratified by hematoma volume. The mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was significantly lower than in the stereotactic aspiration group in the medium (≥40-<80 mL) (OR=2.438, 95% CI 1.101 to 5.402) and large hematoma subgroup (≥80 mL) (OR=66.532, 95% CI 6.345 to 697.675). Compared with the endoscopic aspiration group, a trend towards increased mortality was observed in the large hematoma subgroup of the craniotomy group (OR=8.721, 95% CI 0.933 to 81.551). CONCLUSION:Endoscopic aspiration can decrease the 6-month mortality of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage, especially in patients with a hematoma volume ≥40 mL.

影响因子:0.96
发表时间:2020-02-01
DOI:10.1002/jcu.22762
作者列表:["Meng L","Zhao D","Yang Z","Wang B"]

METHODS:OBJECTIVE:The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-dimensional (3D) software tool (smart planes) for displaying fetal brain planes, and the secondary purpose was to evaluate its accuracy in performing automatic measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This prospective study included singleton fetuses with a gestational age (GA) greater than 18 weeks. Transabdominal two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and 3D smart planes images were respectively used to obtain the basic planes of the fetal brain, with five parameters measured. The images, by either two-dimensional (2D) manual or 3D automatic operation, were reviewed by two experienced sonographers. The agreements between two measurements were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 226 cases were included. The rates of successful detection by automatic display were as high as 80%. There was substantial agreement between the measurements of the biparietal diameter, head circumference and transcerebellar diameter, but poor agreement between the measurements of cisterna magna and lateral ventricle width. CONCLUSIONS:Smart Planes might be valuable for the rapid evaluation of fetal brain, because it simplifies the evaluation process. However, the technology requires improvement. In addition, this technology cannot replace the conventional manual US scans; it can only be used as an additional approach.

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