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Influence of spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters on gait kinematics.
脊柱-骨盆和姿势对准参数对步态运动学的影响。
- 影响因子:2.65
- DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.029
- 作者列表:"Otayek J","Bizdikian AJ","Yared F","Saad E","Bakouny Z","Massaad A","Ghanimeh J","Labaki C","Skalli W","Ghanem I","Kreichati G","Assi A
- 发表时间:2020-02-01
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Postural alignment is altered with spine deformities that might occur with age. Alteration of spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters are known to affect daily life activities such as gait. It is still unknown how spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters are related to gait kinematics. RESEARCH QUESTION:To assess the relationships between spino-pelvic/postural alignment parameters and gait kinematics in asymptomatic adults. METHODS:134 asymptomatic subjects (aged 18-59 years) underwent 3D gait analysis, from which kinematics of the pelvis and lower limbs were extracted in the 3 planes. Subjects then underwent full-body biplanar X-rays, from which skeletal 3D reconstructions and spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters were obtained such as sagittal vertical axis (SVA), center of auditory meatus to hip axis plumbline (CAM-HA), thoracic kyphosis (TK) and radiologic pelvic tilt (rPT). In order to assess the influence of spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters on gait kinematics a univariate followed by a multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS:SVA was related to knee flexion during loading response (β = 0.268); CAM-HA to ROM pelvic obliquity (β = -0.19); rPT to mean pelvic tilt (β = -0.185) and ROM pelvic obliquity (β = -0.297); TK to ROM hip flexion/extension in stance (β = -0.17), mean foot progression in stance (β = -0.329), walking speed (β = -0.19), foot off (β = 0.223) and step length (β = -0.181). SIGNIFICANCE:This study showed that increasing SVA, CAM-HA, TK and rPT, which is known to occur in adults with spinal deformities, could alter gait kinematics. Increases in these parameters, even in asymptomatic subjects, were related to a retroverted pelvis during gait, a reduced pelvic obliquity and hip flexion/extension mobility, an increased knee flexion during loading response as well as an increase in external foot progression angle. This was associated with a decrease in the walking pace: reduced speed, step length and longer stance phase.
摘要
介绍: 随着年龄的增长,可能发生的脊柱畸形改变了姿势对准。已知脊柱-骨盆和姿势对准参数的改变影响日常生活活动,例如步态。脊柱-骨盆和姿势对准参数如何与步态运动学相关仍然是未知的。 研究问题: 评估无症状成人脊柱-骨盆/姿势对准参数与步态运动学之间的关系。 方法: 134名无症状受试者 (年龄18-59岁) 进行3D步态分析,从中提取骨盆和下肢的运动学在3个平面。受试者随后接受全身双平面x线片,从中获得骨骼3D重建和脊柱-骨盆和姿势对准参数,如矢状纵轴 (SVA) 、耳道中心至髋关节轴铅垂线 (cam-ha) 、胸椎后凸畸形 (TK) 和放射学骨盆倾斜 (rPT)。为了评估脊柱骨盆和姿势对准参数对步态运动学的影响,进行了单变量和多变量分析。 结果: SVA有关膝关节屈曲期间加载响应 (β = 0.268); CAM-HA ROM骨盆倾斜 (β = -0.19); rPT指骨盆倾斜 (β = -0.185) 和ROM骨盆倾斜 (β = -0.297); TK ROM屈髋/扩展的立场 (β = -0.17),平均足进展立场 (β = -0.329),行走速度 (β = -0.19),脚 (β = 0.223) 和步长 (β = -0.181). 意义: 这项研究表明,增加SVA,CAM-HA,TK和rPT,这是已知的发生在成人脊柱畸形,可能会改变步态运动学。这些参数的增加,即使在无症状的受试者中,也与步态期间的骨盆后倾、骨盆倾斜度降低和髋关节屈曲/伸展活动度降低、负荷响应期间的膝关节屈曲增加以及外足进展角增加有关。这与步行速度的降低有关: 速度降低,步长和更长的站立阶段。
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METHODS:OBJECTIVES:The aim was to evaluate the image quality and sensitivity to artifacts of compressed sensing (CS) acceleration technique, applied to 3D or breath-hold sequences in different clinical applications from brain to knee. METHODS:CS with an acceleration from 30 to 60% and conventional MRI sequences were performed in 10 different applications in 107 patients, leading to 120 comparisons. Readers were blinded to the technique for quantitative (contrast-to-noise ratio or functional measurements for cardiac cine) and qualitative (image quality, artifacts, diagnostic findings, and preference) image analyses. RESULTS:No statistically significant difference in image quality or artifacts was found for each sequence except for the cardiac cine CS for one of both readers and for the wrist 3D proton density (PD)-weighted CS sequence which showed less motion artifacts due to the reduced acquisition time. The contrast-to-noise ratio was lower for the elbow CS sequence but not statistically different in all other applications. Diagnostic findings were similar between conventional and CS sequence for all the comparisons except for four cases where motion artifacts corrupted either the conventional or the CS sequence. CONCLUSIONS:The evaluated CS sequences are ready to be used in clinical daily practice except for the elbow application which requires a lower acceleration. The CS factor should be tuned for each organ and sequence to obtain good image quality. It leads to 30% to 60% acceleration in the applications evaluated in this study which has a significant impact on clinical workflow. KEY POINTS:• Clinical implementation of compressed sensing (CS) reduced scan times of at least 30% with only minor penalty in image quality and no change in diagnostic findings. • The CS acceleration factor has to be tuned separately for each organ and sequence to guarantee similar image quality than conventional acquisition. • At least 30% and up to 60% acceleration is feasible in specific sequences in clinical routine.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:The main surgical techniques for spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage include stereotactic aspiration, endoscopic aspiration, and craniotomy. However, credible evidence is still needed to validate the effect of these techniques. OBJECTIVE:To explore the long-term outcomes of the three surgical techniques in the treatment of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. METHODS:Five hundred and sixteen patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage who received stereotactic aspiration, endoscopic aspiration, or craniotomy were reviewed retrospectively. Six-month mortality and the modified Rankin Scale score were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of different surgical techniques on patient outcomes. RESULTS:For the entire cohort, the 6-month mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was significantly lower than that in the stereotactic aspiration group (odds ratio (OR) 4.280, 95% CI 2.186 to 8.380); the 6-month mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was lower than that in the craniotomy group, but the difference was not significant (OR=1.930, 95% CI 0.835 to 4.465). A further subgroup analysis was stratified by hematoma volume. The mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was significantly lower than in the stereotactic aspiration group in the medium (≥40-<80 mL) (OR=2.438, 95% CI 1.101 to 5.402) and large hematoma subgroup (≥80 mL) (OR=66.532, 95% CI 6.345 to 697.675). Compared with the endoscopic aspiration group, a trend towards increased mortality was observed in the large hematoma subgroup of the craniotomy group (OR=8.721, 95% CI 0.933 to 81.551). CONCLUSION:Endoscopic aspiration can decrease the 6-month mortality of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage, especially in patients with a hematoma volume ≥40 mL.
METHODS:OBJECTIVE:The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-dimensional (3D) software tool (smart planes) for displaying fetal brain planes, and the secondary purpose was to evaluate its accuracy in performing automatic measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This prospective study included singleton fetuses with a gestational age (GA) greater than 18 weeks. Transabdominal two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and 3D smart planes images were respectively used to obtain the basic planes of the fetal brain, with five parameters measured. The images, by either two-dimensional (2D) manual or 3D automatic operation, were reviewed by two experienced sonographers. The agreements between two measurements were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 226 cases were included. The rates of successful detection by automatic display were as high as 80%. There was substantial agreement between the measurements of the biparietal diameter, head circumference and transcerebellar diameter, but poor agreement between the measurements of cisterna magna and lateral ventricle width. CONCLUSIONS:Smart Planes might be valuable for the rapid evaluation of fetal brain, because it simplifies the evaluation process. However, the technology requires improvement. In addition, this technology cannot replace the conventional manual US scans; it can only be used as an additional approach.
用电子、摄影或其他方法产生三维图像的过程。