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MR-MOTUS: model-based non-rigid motion estimation for MR-guided radiotherapy using a reference image and minimal k-space data.
MR-MOTUS: 使用参考图像和最小k空间数据进行MR引导放疗的基于模型的非刚性运动估计。
- 影响因子:3.29
- DOI:10.1088/1361-6560/ab554a
- 作者列表:"Huttinga NRF","van den Berg CAT","Luijten PR","Sbrizzi A
- 发表时间:2020-01-10
Abstract
:Time-resolved motion estimation from MRI data has received an increasing amount of interest due to the advent of the MR-Linac. The combination of an MRI scanner and a linear accelerator enables radiation plan adaptation based on internal organ motion estimated from MRI data. However, time-resolved estimation of this motion from MRI data still remains a challenge. In light of this application, we propose MR-MOTUS, a framework to estimate non-rigid 3D motion from minimal k-space data. MR-MOTUS consists of two main components: (1) a signal model that explicitly relates the k-space signal of a deforming object to non-rigid motion-fields and a reference image, and (2) model-based reconstructions of the non-rigid motion-fields directly from k-space data. Using an a priori available reference image and the fact that internal body motion exhibits a high level of spatial correlation, we represent the motion-fields in a low-dimensional space and reconstruct them from minimal k-space data that can be acquired very rapidly. The signal model is validated through numerical experiments with a digital 3D phantom and motion-fields are reconstructed from retrospectively undersampled in vivo head and abdomen data using various undersampling strategies. A comparison is made with state-of-the-art image registration performed on images reconstructed from the same undersampled data. Results show that MR-MOTUS reconstructs in vivo 3D rigid head motion from 474-fold retrospectively downsampled k-space data, and in vivo non-rigid 3D respiratory motion from 63-fold retrospectively undersampled k-space data. Preliminary results on prospectively undersampled data acquired with a 2D golden angle acquisition during free-breathing demonstrate the practical feasibility of the method.
摘要
: 由于mr-linac的出现,来自MRI数据的时间分辨运动估计已经受到越来越多的关注。MRI扫描仪和线性加速器的组合使得能够基于从MRI数据估计的内部器官运动进行辐射计划适配。然而,从MRI数据对该运动的时间分辨估计仍然是一个挑战。根据这个应用,我们提出了MR-MOTUS,一个从最小k空间数据估计非刚性3D运动的框架。MR-MOTUS由两个主要部分组成 :( 1) 一个信号模型,明确地将变形对象的k空间信号与非刚性运动场和参考图像相关联,以及 (2) 基于模型直接从k空间数据重建非刚性运动场。使用先验可用的参考图像和内部身体运动表现出高水平的空间相关性的事实,我们表示低维空间中的运动场,并从可以非常快速地获取的最小k空间数据中重建它们。通过数字3D体模的数值实验验证信号模型,并使用各种欠采样策略从回顾性欠采样的体内头部和腹部数据重建运动场。与对从相同欠采样数据重建的图像执行的最先进的图像配准进行比较。结果显示,MR-MOTUS从474倍回顾性下采样的k空间数据重建体内3D刚性头部运动,从63倍回顾性下采样的k空间数据重建体内非刚性3D呼吸运动。在自由呼吸期间通过2D金角采集获得的前瞻性欠采样数据的初步结果证明了该方法的实际可行性。
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METHODS:OBJECTIVES:The aim was to evaluate the image quality and sensitivity to artifacts of compressed sensing (CS) acceleration technique, applied to 3D or breath-hold sequences in different clinical applications from brain to knee. METHODS:CS with an acceleration from 30 to 60% and conventional MRI sequences were performed in 10 different applications in 107 patients, leading to 120 comparisons. Readers were blinded to the technique for quantitative (contrast-to-noise ratio or functional measurements for cardiac cine) and qualitative (image quality, artifacts, diagnostic findings, and preference) image analyses. RESULTS:No statistically significant difference in image quality or artifacts was found for each sequence except for the cardiac cine CS for one of both readers and for the wrist 3D proton density (PD)-weighted CS sequence which showed less motion artifacts due to the reduced acquisition time. The contrast-to-noise ratio was lower for the elbow CS sequence but not statistically different in all other applications. Diagnostic findings were similar between conventional and CS sequence for all the comparisons except for four cases where motion artifacts corrupted either the conventional or the CS sequence. CONCLUSIONS:The evaluated CS sequences are ready to be used in clinical daily practice except for the elbow application which requires a lower acceleration. The CS factor should be tuned for each organ and sequence to obtain good image quality. It leads to 30% to 60% acceleration in the applications evaluated in this study which has a significant impact on clinical workflow. KEY POINTS:• Clinical implementation of compressed sensing (CS) reduced scan times of at least 30% with only minor penalty in image quality and no change in diagnostic findings. • The CS acceleration factor has to be tuned separately for each organ and sequence to guarantee similar image quality than conventional acquisition. • At least 30% and up to 60% acceleration is feasible in specific sequences in clinical routine.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:The main surgical techniques for spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage include stereotactic aspiration, endoscopic aspiration, and craniotomy. However, credible evidence is still needed to validate the effect of these techniques. OBJECTIVE:To explore the long-term outcomes of the three surgical techniques in the treatment of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. METHODS:Five hundred and sixteen patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage who received stereotactic aspiration, endoscopic aspiration, or craniotomy were reviewed retrospectively. Six-month mortality and the modified Rankin Scale score were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of different surgical techniques on patient outcomes. RESULTS:For the entire cohort, the 6-month mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was significantly lower than that in the stereotactic aspiration group (odds ratio (OR) 4.280, 95% CI 2.186 to 8.380); the 6-month mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was lower than that in the craniotomy group, but the difference was not significant (OR=1.930, 95% CI 0.835 to 4.465). A further subgroup analysis was stratified by hematoma volume. The mortality in the endoscopic aspiration group was significantly lower than in the stereotactic aspiration group in the medium (≥40-<80 mL) (OR=2.438, 95% CI 1.101 to 5.402) and large hematoma subgroup (≥80 mL) (OR=66.532, 95% CI 6.345 to 697.675). Compared with the endoscopic aspiration group, a trend towards increased mortality was observed in the large hematoma subgroup of the craniotomy group (OR=8.721, 95% CI 0.933 to 81.551). CONCLUSION:Endoscopic aspiration can decrease the 6-month mortality of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage, especially in patients with a hematoma volume ≥40 mL.
METHODS:OBJECTIVE:The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-dimensional (3D) software tool (smart planes) for displaying fetal brain planes, and the secondary purpose was to evaluate its accuracy in performing automatic measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This prospective study included singleton fetuses with a gestational age (GA) greater than 18 weeks. Transabdominal two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and 3D smart planes images were respectively used to obtain the basic planes of the fetal brain, with five parameters measured. The images, by either two-dimensional (2D) manual or 3D automatic operation, were reviewed by two experienced sonographers. The agreements between two measurements were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 226 cases were included. The rates of successful detection by automatic display were as high as 80%. There was substantial agreement between the measurements of the biparietal diameter, head circumference and transcerebellar diameter, but poor agreement between the measurements of cisterna magna and lateral ventricle width. CONCLUSIONS:Smart Planes might be valuable for the rapid evaluation of fetal brain, because it simplifies the evaluation process. However, the technology requires improvement. In addition, this technology cannot replace the conventional manual US scans; it can only be used as an additional approach.
用电子、摄影或其他方法产生三维图像的过程。