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Prevalence and Clinical Features of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Associated with Monogenic Variants, Identified by Whole-exome Sequencing in 1000 Children at a Single Center.
单基因变异相关炎症性肠病的患病率和临床特征,通过全外显子组测序在单中心 1000 例儿童中鉴定。
- 影响因子:7.07
- DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.023
- 作者列表:"Crowley E","Warner N","Pan J","Khalouei S","Elkadri A","Fiedler K","Foong J","Turinsky AL","Bronte-Tinkew D","Zhang S","Hu J","Tian D","Li D","Regeneron Genetics Center.","Horowitz J","Siddiqui I","Upton J","Roifman CM","Church PC","Wall DA","Ramani AK","Kotlarz D","Klein C","Uhlig H","Snapper SB","Gonzaga-Jauregui C","Paterson A","McGovern DP","Brudno M","Walters TD","Griffiths AM","Muise AM
- 发表时间:2020-02-18
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS:A proportion of infants and young children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have subtypes associated with a single gene variant (monogenic IBD). We aimed to determine the prevalence of monogenic disease in a cohort of pediatric patients with IBD. METHODS:We performed whole-exome sequencing analyses of blood samples from an unselected cohort of 1005 children with IBD, 0-18 y old (median age at diagnosis, 11.96 y) at a single center in Canada and their family members (2305 samples total). Variants believed to cause IBD were validated using Sanger sequencing. Biopsies from patients were analyzed by immunofluorescence and histochemical analyses. RESULTS:We identified 40 rare variants associated with 21 monogenic genes among 31 of the 1005 children with IBD (including 5 variants in XIAP, 3 in DOCK8, and 2 each in FOXP3, GUCY2C, and LRBA). These variants occurred in 7.8% of children younger than 6 y and 2.3% of children 6-18 y old. Of the 17 patients with monogenic Crohn's disease, 35% had abdominal pain, 24% had non-bloody loose stool, 18% had vomiting, 18% had weight loss, and 5% had intermittent bloody loose stool. The 14 patients with monogenic ulcerative colitis or IBD unclassified received their diagnosis at a younger age, and their most predominant feature was bloody loose stool (78%). Features associated with monogenic IBD, compared to cases of IBD not associated with a single variant, were age of onset younger than 2 y (odds ratio [OR], 6.30; P=.020), family history of autoimmune disease (OR, 5.12; P=.002), extra-intestinal manifestations (OR, 15.36; P<.0001), and surgery (OR, 3.42; P=.042). Seventeen patients had variants in genes that could be corrected with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS:In whole-exome sequencing analyses of more than 1000 children with IBD at a single center, we found that 3% had rare variants in genes previously associated with pediatric IBD. These were associated with different IBD phenotypes, and 1% of the patients had variants that could be potentially corrected with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Monogenic IBD is rare but should be considered in analysis of all patients with pediatric onset of IBD.
摘要
背景与目的: 部分患有炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的婴幼儿具有与单个基因变异 (单基因 IBD) 相关的亚型。我们旨在确定 IBD 患儿队列中单基因疾病的患病率。 方法: 我们对 1005 例非选择性 IBD 患儿的血液样本进行了全外显子测序分析,年龄 0-18 岁 (诊断时的中位年龄,11.96 岁) 在加拿大的一个单中心及其家庭成员 (共 2305 个样本)。使用 Sanger 测序验证认为导致 IBD 的变异。通过免疫荧光和组织化学分析对患者的活检进行分析。 结果: 我们在 1005 例 IBD 患儿中的 31 例中发现了 40 个与 21 个单基因相关的罕见变异 (包括 XIAP 中的 5 个变异,DOCK8 中的 3 个变异,FOXP3 、 GUCY2C 、和 LRBA)。这些变异发生在 7.8% 的 6 岁以下儿童和 2.3% 的 6-18 岁儿童中。17 例单基因克罗恩病患者中,腹痛 35%,非血性稀便 24%,呕吐 18%,体重减轻 18%,间断血性稀便 5%。14 例单基因溃疡性结肠炎或 IBD 未分类患者的诊断年龄较小,其最主要特征是血便疏松 (78%)。与单基因 IBD 相关的特征相比,与单一变异无关的 IBD 病例的发病年龄小于 2 y (优势比 [OR],6.30; P =。 020) 、自身免疫病家族史 (OR,5.12; P =. 002) 、肠外表现 (OR,15.36; P
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METHODS::Chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) urgently need new biomarkers as a significant proportion of patients, do not respond to current medications. Inflammation is a common factor in these diseases and microbial sensing in the intestinal tract is critical to initiate the inflammation. We have identified ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) as a microbial sensor in epithelial and phagocytic cells that turns on inflammatory signals. Using a stem-cell-based "gut-in-a-dish" coculture model, we studied the interactions between microbes, epithelium and monocytes in the context of IBD. To mimic the in-vivo cell physiology, enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) were generated from the organoids isolated from WT and ELMO1-/- mice and colonic biopsies of IBD patients. The EDMs were infected with the IBD-associated microbes to monitor the inflammatory responses. ELMO1-depleted EDMs displayed a significant reduction in bacterial internalization, a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine productions and monocyte recruitment. The expression of ELMO1 is elevated in the colonic epithelium and in the inflammatory infiltrates within the lamina propria of IBD patients where the higher expression is positively correlated with the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and TNF-α. MCP-1 is released from the epithelium and recruits monocytes to the site of inflammation. Once recruited, monocytes require ELMO1 to engulf the bacteria and propagate a robust TNF-α storm. These findings highlight that the dysregulated epithelial ELMO1→MCP-1 axis can serve as an early biomarker in the diagnostics of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:Peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) is a biomarker of an aggressive multiyear natural history in adults with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Additionally, PBE at diagnosis is associated with higher disease activity in pediatric-onset IBD. We sought to determine if PBE can function as a biomarker of long-term disease severity in pediatric-onset IBD patients who are followed into adulthood. METHODS:We analyzed a consented, prospective, natural history IBD registry at an adult tertiary center from 2009 to 2018. Prevalence of PBE was evaluated in both pediatric- and adult-onset IBD patients. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization data were compared in patients with and without PBE. RESULTS:Among 2800 adult IBD patients, 23.4% had pediatric-onset disease. PBE was found in 34% of the pediatric-onset patients compared with 26.8% of the adult-onset IBD patients (P < 0.001). In the pediatric-onset IBD cohort, PBE was associated with higher rates of allergies (P < 0.0001), but not of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. In the adult IBD patients with pediatric-onset disease, PBE was associated with higher rates of C-reactive protein elevation (P < 0.0001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevation (P < 0.0001), higher health care utilization, and higher average health care charges per year (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS:Peripheral blood eosinophilia was more prevalent in adult IBD patients with pediatric-onset compared with adult-onset disease. Among all IBD patients with long-term follow-up, PBE defined a subgroup with more severe illness. These data suggest that PBE may be a biomarker for a high-risk subgroup with high cost trajectory and long-term severity in pediatric-onset IBD that persists into adulthood.
METHODS::Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex pathogenesis, affecting people of all ages. They are characterized by alternating phases of clinical relapse and remission, depending on the fine balance between immune cells and the gut microbiota. The cross talk between cells of the immune system and the gut microbiota can result in either tolerance or inflammation, according to multifactorial triggers, ranging from environmental factors to genetic susceptibility. Glucocorticoid (GC) administration remains the first-line treatment for IBDs, although long-term use is limited by development of serious adverse effects. Recently, new alternative pharmacological therapies have been developed, although these are not always effective in IBD patients. There is a constant demand for effective new drug targets to guarantee total remission and improve the quality of life for IBD patients. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) has been implicated as a promising candidate for this purpose, in view of its powerful anti-inflammatory effects that mimic those of GCs while avoiding their unwanted adverse reactions. Here we present and discuss the latest findings about the involvement of GILZ in IBDs.