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A Quantitative Genetic Interaction Map of HIV Infection.

HIV 感染的定量遗传相互作用图。

  • 影响因子:11.82
  • DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.004
  • 作者列表:"Gordon DE","Watson A","Roguev A","Zheng S","Jang GM","Kane J","Xu J","Guo JZ","Stevenson E","Swaney DL","Franks-Skiba K","Verschueren E","Shales M","Crosby DC","Frankel AD","Marson A","Marazzi I","Cagney G","Krogan NJ
  • 发表时间:2020-02-17
Abstract

:We have developed a platform for quantitative genetic interaction mapping using viral infectivity as a functional readout and constructed a viral host-dependency epistasis map (vE-MAP) of 356 human genes linked to HIV function, comprising >63,000 pairwise genetic perturbations. The vE-MAP provides an expansive view of the genetic dependencies underlying HIV infection and can be used to identify drug targets and study viral mutations. We found that the RNA deadenylase complex, CNOT, is a central player in the vE-MAP and show that knockout of CNOT1, 10, and 11 suppressed HIV infection in primary T cells by upregulating innate immunity pathways. This phenotype was rescued by deletion of IRF7, a transcription factor regulating interferon-stimulated genes, revealing a previously unrecognized host signaling pathway involved in HIV infection. The vE-MAP represents a generic platform that can be used to study the global effects of how different pathogens hijack and rewire the host during infection.

摘要

: 我们开发了一个利用病毒感染性作为功能读出的定量遗传相互作用映射平台,并构建了一个病毒宿主依赖性上位图 (vE-map) 在 356 个与 HIV 功能相关的人类基因中,包括> 63,000 个成对遗传扰动。VE-MAP 提供了 HIV 感染潜在的遗传依赖性的广阔视图,可用于识别药物靶点和研究病毒突变。我们发现 RNA 烯基化酶复合物,CNOT,是 vE-MAP 中的一个中心参与者,并显示敲除 CNOT1,10, 和 11 通过上调先天免疫途径抑制原代 T 细胞中的 HIV 感染。这种表型是通过缺失 IRF7 (一种调节干扰素刺激基因的转录因子) 而获得拯救的,揭示了一条以前未被认识的参与 HIV 感染的宿主信号通路。VE-MAP 代表了一个通用平台,可用于研究感染过程中不同病原体如何劫持和重新连接宿主的全球效应。

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影响因子:1.41
发表时间:2020-01-09
DOI:10.1111/ajo.13112
作者列表:["Alhayo S","Leonardi M","Lu C","Gosal P","Reid S","Barto W","Condous G"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Ultrasound has been demonstrated to accurately diagnose rectal deep endometriosis (DE) and pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration. The role of ultrasound in the assessment of patients who have undergone surgery for rectal DE and POD obliteration has not been evaluated. AIM:To describe the transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) findings of patients who have undergone rectal surgery for DE. MATERIALS AND METHODS:An observational cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in Sydney, Australia between January and April 2017. Patients previously treated for rectal DE (low anterior resection vs rectal shaving/disc excision) were recruited and asked to complete a questionnaire on their current symptoms. On TVS, POD state and rectal DE were assessed. Correlating recurrence of POD obliteration and/or rectal DE to surgery type and symptoms was done. RESULTS:Fifty-six patients were contacted; 22/56 (39.3%) attended for the study visit. Average interval of surgery to study visit was 52.8 ± 24.6 months. Surgery type breakdown was as follows: low anterior resection (56%) and rectal shaving/disc excision (44%). The prevalence of POD obliteration was 16/22 (72.7%) intraoperatively and 8/22 (36.4%) at study visit, as per the sliding sign. Nine patients (39.1%) had evidence on TVS of recurrent rectal DE. Recurrence of POD obliteration and rectal DE was not associated with surgery type or symptomatology. CONCLUSION:Despite surgery for rectal DE, many patients have a negative sliding sign on TVS, representing POD obliteration, and rectal DE. Our numbers are too small to correlate with the surgery type or their current symptoms.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.02
发表时间:2020-01-10
DOI:10.1007/s00261-019-02399-0
作者列表:["Burnett TL","Feldman MK","Huang JQ"]

METHODS::Minimally invasive surgery for complex endometriosis requires preoperative planning that intimately connects the gynecologic surgeon to the radiologist. Understanding the surgeon's perspective to endometriosis treatment facilitates a productive relationship that ultimately benefits the patient. We examine minimally invasive surgery for endometriosis and the key radiologic information which enable the surgeon to successfully negotiate patient counseling, preoperative planning, and an interdisciplinary approach to surgery.

影响因子:1.69
发表时间:2020-01-09
DOI:10.1016/j.jmig.2020.01.002
作者列表:["Byun J","Peterson CM","Backonja U","Taylor RN","Stanford JB","Allen-Brady KL","Smith KR","Buck Louis GM","Schliep KC"]

METHODS:STUDY OBJECTIVE:Prior research collectively shows that endometriosis is inversely related to women's adiposity. The aim of this study was to assess whether this inverse relationship holds true by disease severity and typology. DESIGN:Cross sectional study among women with no prior diagnosis of endometriosis. SETTING:Fourteen clinical centers in Salt Lake City, Utah and San Francisco, California. PATIENTS:Four hundred and ninety five women, ages 18-44 years, were enrolled in the operative cohort of the Endometriosis, Natural History, Diagnosis, and Outcomes (ENDO) Study. INTERVENTIONS:Gynecologic laparoscopy/laparotomy, regardless of clinical indication. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Participants underwent anthropometric assessments, body composition, and body fat distribution ratios before surgery. Surgeons completed a standardized operative report immediately after surgery to capture revised ASRM staging (I to IV) and typology of disease (superficial [SE], ovarian endometrioma [OE], and deep infiltrating endometriosis [DIE]). Linear mixed models, taking into account within-clinical-center correlation were used to generate least square means (95% confidence intervals) to assess differences in adiposity measures by endometriosis stage (no endometriosis, I-IV) and typology (no endometriosis, SE, DIE, OE, OE + DIE) adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and parity. While the majority of confidence intervals were wide and overlapping, three general impressions emerged: 1) women with versus without incident endometriosis had the lowest anthropometric/body composition indicators; 2) women with stage I or IV had lower indicators compared to women with stage II or III; and 3) women with OE and/or DIE tended to have the lowest indicators, while women with SE had the highest indicators. CONCLUSION:Our research highlights that the relationship between women's adiposity and endometriosis severity and typology may be more complicated than prior research indicates.

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