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Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Invasive Tests to Detect Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Hepatitis C and End-Stage Renal Disease.

检测丙型肝炎和终末期肾病患者晚期肝纤维化的无创检测的诊断准确性。

  • 影响因子:3.69
  • DOI:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.019
  • 作者列表:"Schmoyer CJ","Kumar D","Gupta G","Sterling RK
  • 发表时间:2020-02-18
Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS:For patients with liver disease from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection complicated by end-stage renal disease (ESRD), it is important to assess liver fibrosis before kidney transplantation. We evaluated the accuracy of non-invasive tests to identify advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with HCV and ESRD. METHODS:In a retrospective study, we collected data on ratio of aspartate aminotransferase:alanine aminotransferase (AST:ALT), AST platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4 score, fibrosis index score, and King's score from 139 patients with ESRD and HCV infection (mean age, 52.8 y; 76.3% male; 86.4% African American; 45.3% with increased level of ALT). Results were compared with findings from histologic analyses of biopsies (reference standard). The primary outcome was detection of advanced fibrosis, defined as either bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were constructed and optimal cut-off values were determined for each test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. We repeated the analysis with stratification for normal levels of ALT (≤ 35 U/L for men and ≤ 25 u/L for women) and increased levels of ALT. RESULTS:FIB-4 scores identified patients with advanced fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.61-0.80), the King's score with an AUROC of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58-0.80), and the APRI with and AUROC of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.59-0.79). The accuracy of these tests increased when they were used to analyze patients with increased levels of ALT. All tests produced inaccurate results when they were used to assess patients with normal levels of AST and ALT. CONCLUSIONS:In patients with ESRD and HCV infection, FIB-4 scores, King's scores, and the APRI identify those with advanced fibrosis with AUROC values ranging from 0.68-0.71. Accuracy increased modestly when patients with increased levels of ALT were tested, but the tests produced inaccurate results for patients with a normal level of ALT.

摘要

背景与目的: 对于丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 感染合并终末期肾病 (ESRD) 的肝病患者,在肾移植前评估肝纤维化非常重要。我们评估了非侵入性检测的准确性,以确定 HCV 和 ESRD 患者的晚期肝纤维化。 方法: 在一项回顾性研究中,我们收集了天冬氨酸氨基转移酶: 丙氨酸氨基转移酶比值 (AST: ALT) 、 AST 血小板比值指数 (APRI) 、 FIB-4 评分、纤维化指数评分,以及来自 139 例 ESRD 和 HCV 感染患者的 King's 评分 (平均年龄,52.8 岁; 76.3% 为男性; 86.4% 为非裔美国人;45.3% 伴 ALT 升高)。将结果与活检的组织学分析结果进行比较 (参考标准)。主要结果是检测晚期纤维化,定义为桥接纤维化或肝硬化。构建受试者工作特征 (AUROC) 曲线下面积,并确定每次试验的最佳临界值。计算敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值以及诊断准确性。我们对 ALT 正常水平 (男性 ≤ 35 U/L,女性 ≤ 25 u/L) 和 ALT 升高水平进行分层,重复分析。 结果: FIB-4 评分确定了晚期纤维化患者,AUROC 为 0.71 (95% CI,0.61-0.80),King's 评分,AUROC 为 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58-0.80),APRI with 和 AUROC 为 0.68 (95% CI,0.59-0.79)。当用于分析 ALT 水平升高的患者时,这些测试的准确性增加。当用于评估 AST 和 ALT 水平正常的患者时,所有试验产生不准确的结果。 结论: 在 ESRD 和 HCV 感染患者中,FIB-4 评分、 King 评分和 APRI 可确定晚期纤维化患者,AUROC 值范围为 0.68-0.71。当检测 ALT 水平升高的患者时,准确性略有提高,但对于 ALT 水平正常的患者,检测结果不准确。

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影响因子:4.08
发表时间:2020-01-21
DOI:10.1111/apt.15639
作者列表:["Moon AM","Jiang Y","Rogal SS","Tapper EB","Lieber SR","Barritt AS 4th"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Opioids are often prescribed for pain in cirrhosis and may increase the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). AIMS:To assess the association between opioids and HE in patients with well-compensated cirrhosis. METHODS:We used the IQVIA PharMetrics (Durham, NC) database to identify patients aged 18-64 years with cirrhosis. We excluded patients with any decompensation event from 1 year before cirrhosis diagnosis to 6 months after cirrhosis diagnosis. Over the 6 months after cirrhosis diagnosis, we determined the duration of continuous opioid use and classified use into short term (1-89 days) and chronic (90-180 days). We assessed whether patients developed HE over the subsequent year (ie 6-18 months after cirrhosis diagnosis). We used a landmark analysis and performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess associations between opioid use and HE, adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS:The cohort included 6451 patients with compensated cirrhosis, of whom 23.3% and 4.7% had short-term and chronic opioid prescriptions respectively. Over the subsequent year, HE occurred in 6.3% patients with chronic opioid prescriptions, 5.0% with short-term opioid prescriptions and 3.3% with no opioid prescriptions. In the multivariable model, an increased risk of HE was observed with short-term (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07-1.94) and chronic opioid prescriptions (adjusted HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.12) compared to no opioid prescriptions. CONCLUSION:In this national cohort of privately insured patients with cirrhosis, opioid prescriptions were associated with the risk of incident HE. Opioid use should be minimised in those with cirrhosis and, when required, limited to short duration.

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翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:3.87
发表时间:2020-02-01
DOI:10.1111/liv.14321
作者列表:["Chen VL","Chen Y","Du X","Handelman SK","Speliotes EK"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Cirrhosis is characterized by extensive fibrosis of the liver and is a major cause of liver-related mortality. Cirrhosis is partially heritable but genetic contributions to cirrhosis have not been systemically explored. Here, we carry out association analyses with cirrhosis in two large biobanks and determine the effects of cirrhosis associated variants on multiple human disease/traits. METHODS:We carried out a genome-wide association analysis of cirrhosis as a diagnosis in UK BioBank (UKBB; 1088 cases vs. 407 873 controls) and then tested top-associating loci for replication with cirrhosis in a hospital-based cohort from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI; 875 cases of cirrhosis vs. 30 346 controls). For replicating variants or variants previously associated with cirrhosis that also affected cirrhosis in UKBB or MGI, we determined single nucleotide polymorphism effects on all other diagnoses in UKBB (PheWAS), common metabolic traits/diseases and serum/plasma metabolites. RESULTS:Unbiased genome-wide association study identified variants in/near PNPLA3 and HFE, and candidate variant analysis identified variants in/near TM6SF2, MBOAT7, SERPINA1, HSD17B13, STAT4 and IFNL4 that reproducibly affected cirrhosis. Most affected liver enzyme concentrations and/or aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index. PheWAS, metabolic trait and serum/plasma metabolite association analyses revealed effects of these variants on lipid, inflammatory and other processes including new effects on many human diseases and traits. CONCLUSIONS:We identified eight loci that reproducibly associate with population-based cirrhosis and define their diverse effects on human diseases and traits.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:2.57
发表时间:2020-02-01
DOI:10.1111/eci.13198
作者列表:["Li H","Wieser A","Zhang J","Liss I","Markwardt D","Hornung R","Neumann-Cip AC","Mayerle J","Gerbes A","Steib CJ"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. In recent years, it has been postulated that the rate of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing, especially in nosocomial SBP patients. Aim of the present work was to investigate this hypothesis and its possible clinical consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS:One hundred and three culture-positive patients between 2007 and 2014 were compared with 81 patients between 2015 and 2017, to study the change of microbiological profiles and their clinical consequences. The cirrhosis patients with bacterascites requiring treatment were included as well. RESULTS:The most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria isolated from ascites were Enterobacterales (31.6%) and in Gram-positive pathogens Staphylococci (22.8%). There was a significant increase in MDROs (22.3% ICU 40.7%, P = .048), accompanied by an increased incidence of sepsis (from 21.4% to 37.0%, P = .021), hepatorenal syndrome (from 40.8% to 58.0%, P = .007) and the need of catecholamine therapy (from 21.4% to 38.8%, P = .036). Nosocomial origin correlated with higher MDRO proportion, more complications and lower antimicrobial susceptibility rates in 12 commonly used antibiotics. MDROs were confirmed as an isolated predictor for inpatient mortality and complications in multivariable logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS:The feeling in clinical practice that MDROs have increased in the last 11 years could be confirmed in our study in Munich, Germany. Nosocomial SBP correlated with significantly higher MDRO rates (nearly 50%) and complication rates. In our opinion, an antibiotic combination with comprehensive effect should be taken into account in nosocomial SBP patients in this region.

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