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The Somatic Mutation Hit on Top of Genetic APC mutations Cause Skin Tumor.

体细胞突变击中遗传 APC 突变的顶部引起皮肤肿瘤。

  • 影响因子:3.30
  • DOI:10.1016/j.tranon.2019.11.010
  • 作者列表:"Niu T","Yang M","Liu Q","Li H","Jiang L","Li F","He X","Wang L","Li J
  • 发表时间:2020-02-01
Abstract

:Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is the initiating event in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. Up to 90% of FAP patients show intestinal tumors and other extracolonic malignancies including hepatoblastomas, desmoid tumors, and brain cancer. APC mutation mice (ApcMin/+ mice) develop benign polyps in the intestinal tract. It has been reported that small numbers of ApcMin/+ mice develop breast carcinomas. Here, we found that approximately 1.6% of ApcMin/+ mice suffered skin neoplasm. The results demonstrated that these skin tumors are not derived from intestinal adenomas. Sequencing of skin tumors of ApcMin/+ mice and ApcMin/+ mice skin. The data showed that somatic mutations and gene expression levels changed greatly in skin tumors compared to control. Similarly, APC mutation accounts for 27% in the patients of nonmelanoma skin carcinomas in cancer database, and two above genes mutation coexist was observed in all patients. Furthermore, using gene mutation reagent (DMBA)-treated ApcMin/+ mice skin, the skin epithelium and glandular begin hyperplasia in ApcMin/+ mice. These findings revealed that the somatic mutation hit on the germline mutation increase the tumor incidence, suggesting that the somatic mutation should be avoided if the germline mutation exists in one body.

摘要

: 结肠腺瘤性息肉病 (APC) 基因的失活是家族性腺瘤性息肉病 (FAP) 患者的起始事件。高达 90% 的 FAP 患者表现为肠道肿瘤和其他结肠外恶性肿瘤,包括肝母细胞瘤、硬纤维瘤和脑癌。APC 突变小鼠 (ApcMin/+ 小鼠) 在肠道发生良性息肉。据报道,少量 ApcMin/+ 小鼠发生乳腺癌。在这里,我们发现大约 1.6% 的 ApcMin/+ 小鼠患有皮肤肿瘤。结果表明,这些皮肤肿瘤并非来源于肠腺瘤。ApcMin/+ 小鼠和 ApcMin/+ 小鼠皮肤的皮肤肿瘤测序。数据显示,与对照相比,体细胞突变和基因表达水平在皮肤肿瘤中发生了很大变化。同样,在癌症数据库中的非黑色素瘤皮肤癌患者中,APC 突变占 27%,在所有患者中观察到上述两个基因突变并存。此外,使用基因突变试剂 (DMBA) 处理 ApcMin/+ 小鼠皮肤,ApcMin/+ 小鼠皮肤上皮和腺体开始增生。这些发现揭示了体细胞突变击中生殖系突变增加了肿瘤发生率,提示如果一个身体中存在生殖系突变,应该避免体细胞突变。

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影响因子:4.22
发表时间:2020-01-30
来源期刊:The FEBS journal
DOI:10.1111/febs.15236
作者列表:["Sayed IM","Suarez K","Lim E","Singh S","Pereira M","Ibeawuchi SR","Katkar G","Dunkel Y","Mittal Y","Chattopadhyay R","Guma M","Boland BS","Dulai PS","Sandborn WJ","Ghosh P","Das S"]

METHODS::Chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) urgently need new biomarkers as a significant proportion of patients, do not respond to current medications. Inflammation is a common factor in these diseases and microbial sensing in the intestinal tract is critical to initiate the inflammation. We have identified ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) as a microbial sensor in epithelial and phagocytic cells that turns on inflammatory signals. Using a stem-cell-based "gut-in-a-dish" coculture model, we studied the interactions between microbes, epithelium and monocytes in the context of IBD. To mimic the in-vivo cell physiology, enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) were generated from the organoids isolated from WT and ELMO1-/- mice and colonic biopsies of IBD patients. The EDMs were infected with the IBD-associated microbes to monitor the inflammatory responses. ELMO1-depleted EDMs displayed a significant reduction in bacterial internalization, a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine productions and monocyte recruitment. The expression of ELMO1 is elevated in the colonic epithelium and in the inflammatory infiltrates within the lamina propria of IBD patients where the higher expression is positively correlated with the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and TNF-α. MCP-1 is released from the epithelium and recruits monocytes to the site of inflammation. Once recruited, monocytes require ELMO1 to engulf the bacteria and propagate a robust TNF-α storm. These findings highlight that the dysregulated epithelial ELMO1→MCP-1 axis can serve as an early biomarker in the diagnostics of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.

影响因子:3.72
发表时间:2020-01-21
DOI:10.1093/ibd/izz323
作者列表:["Prathapan KM","Ramos Rivers C","Anderson A","Koutroumpakis F","Koutroubakis IE","Babichenko D","Tan X","Tang G","Schwartz M","Proksell S","Johnston E","Hashash JG","Dunn M","Wilson A","Barrie A","Harrison J","Hartman D","Kim SC","Binion DG"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Peripheral blood eosinophilia (PBE) is a biomarker of an aggressive multiyear natural history in adults with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Additionally, PBE at diagnosis is associated with higher disease activity in pediatric-onset IBD. We sought to determine if PBE can function as a biomarker of long-term disease severity in pediatric-onset IBD patients who are followed into adulthood. METHODS:We analyzed a consented, prospective, natural history IBD registry at an adult tertiary center from 2009 to 2018. Prevalence of PBE was evaluated in both pediatric- and adult-onset IBD patients. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization data were compared in patients with and without PBE. RESULTS:Among 2800 adult IBD patients, 23.4% had pediatric-onset disease. PBE was found in 34% of the pediatric-onset patients compared with 26.8% of the adult-onset IBD patients (P < 0.001). In the pediatric-onset IBD cohort, PBE was associated with higher rates of allergies (P < 0.0001), but not of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. In the adult IBD patients with pediatric-onset disease, PBE was associated with higher rates of C-reactive protein elevation (P < 0.0001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevation (P < 0.0001), higher health care utilization, and higher average health care charges per year (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS:Peripheral blood eosinophilia was more prevalent in adult IBD patients with pediatric-onset compared with adult-onset disease. Among all IBD patients with long-term follow-up, PBE defined a subgroup with more severe illness. These data suggest that PBE may be a biomarker for a high-risk subgroup with high cost trajectory and long-term severity in pediatric-onset IBD that persists into adulthood.

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影响因子:3.72
发表时间:2020-01-21
DOI:10.1093/ibd/izz331
作者列表:["Ronchetti S","Gentili M","Ricci E","Migliorati G","Riccardi C"]

METHODS::Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex pathogenesis, affecting people of all ages. They are characterized by alternating phases of clinical relapse and remission, depending on the fine balance between immune cells and the gut microbiota. The cross talk between cells of the immune system and the gut microbiota can result in either tolerance or inflammation, according to multifactorial triggers, ranging from environmental factors to genetic susceptibility. Glucocorticoid (GC) administration remains the first-line treatment for IBDs, although long-term use is limited by development of serious adverse effects. Recently, new alternative pharmacological therapies have been developed, although these are not always effective in IBD patients. There is a constant demand for effective new drug targets to guarantee total remission and improve the quality of life for IBD patients. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) has been implicated as a promising candidate for this purpose, in view of its powerful anti-inflammatory effects that mimic those of GCs while avoiding their unwanted adverse reactions. Here we present and discuss the latest findings about the involvement of GILZ in IBDs.

关键词: GILZ IBD 自身免疫 炎症
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