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Altered distribution and enhanced osteoclastogenesis of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in gouty arthritis.

痛风性关节炎中粘膜相关不变 T 细胞的分布改变和破骨细胞生成增强。

  • 影响因子:3.51
  • DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa020
  • 作者列表:"Cho YN","Jeong HS","Park KJ","Kim HS","Kim EH","Jin HM","Jung HJ","Ju JK","Choi SE","Kang JH","Park DJ","Kim TJ","Lee SS","Kee SJ","Park YW
  • 发表时间:2020-02-22
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to investigate the role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in gouty arthritis (GA) and their effects on osteoclastogenesis. METHODS:Patients with GA (n = 61), subjects with hyperuricaemia (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 30) were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of M-CSF and RANK ligand. RESULTS:Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in GA patients. However, their capacities for IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α production were preserved. Expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and LAG-3 in MAIT cells were found to be elevated in GA patients. In particular, CD69 expression in circulating MAIT cells was increased by stimulation with MSU crystals, suggesting that deposition of MSU crystals might contribute to MAIT cell activation. Interestingly, MAIT cells were found to be accumulated in synovial fluid and infiltrated into gouty tophus tissues within joints. Furthermore, activated MAIT cells secreted pro-resorptive cytokines (i.e. IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) and facilitated osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are activated and numerically deficient in GA patients. In addition, MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed tissues and induce osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide an important role of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of inflammation and bone destruction in GA patients.

摘要

目的: 本研究旨在探讨黏膜相关不变 T (MAIT) 细胞在痛风性关节炎 (GA) 中的作用及其对破骨细胞生成的影响。 方法: 选择 GA 患者 (n = 61) 、高尿酸血症患者 (n = 11) 和健康对照者 (n = 30)。流式细胞仪检测 MAIT 细胞、细胞因子、 CD69 、程序性死亡基因-1 (PD-1) 和淋巴细胞激活基因 3 (LAG-3) 水平。在存在 M-CSF 和 RANK 配体的情况下,使用外周血单核细胞进行体外破骨细胞生成实验。 结果: GA 患者循环 MAIT 细胞水平显著降低。然而,它们产生 IFN-γ 、 IL-17 和 TNF-α 的能力仍然保留。发现 GA 患者 MAIT 细胞中 CD69 、 PD-1 和 LAG-3 的表达水平升高。特别是,循环 MAIT 细胞中 CD69 的表达随着 MSU 晶体的刺激而增加,提示 MSU 晶体的沉积可能有助于 MAIT 细胞的活化。有趣的是,发现 MAIT 细胞聚集在滑液中,并浸润到关节内的痛风性痛风石组织中。此外,活化的 MAIT 细胞分泌促再吸收的细胞因子 (IL-6 、 IL-17 和 TNF-α) 和促进破骨细胞生成。 结论: 本研究表明,在 GA 患者中循环 MAIT 细胞被激活并在数字上缺乏。此外,MAIT 细胞有迁移到炎症组织和诱导破骨细胞生成的潜力。这些发现提供了 MAIT 细胞在 GA 患者炎症和骨破坏发病机制中的重要作用。

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影响因子:3.28
发表时间:2020-01-30
DOI:10.1007/s00167-019-05842-3
作者列表:["Ghosh, Koushik","Salmon, Lucy J.","Heath, Emma","Pinczewski, Leo A.","Roe, Justin P."]

METHODS:Purpose To determine outcomes of transphyseal ACL reconstruction using a living parental hamstring tendon allograft in a consecutive series of 100 children. Methods One hundred consecutive juveniles undergoing ACL reconstruction with a living parental hamstring allograft were recruited prospectively and reviewed 2 years after ACL reconstruction with IKDC Knee Ligament Evaluation, and KT1000 instrumented laxity testing. Skeletally immature participants obtained annual radiographs until skeletal maturity, and long leg alignment radiographs at 2 years. Radiographic Posterior tibial slope was recorded. Results Of 100 juveniles, the median age was 14 years (range 8–16) and 68% male. At surgery, 30 juveniles were graded Tanner 1 or 2, 21 were Tanner 3 and 49 were Tanner 4 or 5. There were no cases of iatrogenic physeal injury or leg length discrepancy on long leg radiographs at 2 years, despite a median increase in height of 8 cm. Twelve patients had an ACL graft rupture and 9 had a contralateral ACL injury. Of those without further ACL injury, 82% returned to competitive sports, IKDC ligament evaluation was normal in 52% and nearly normal in 48%. The median side to side difference on manual maximum testing with the KT1000 was 2 mm (range − 1 to 5). A radiographic PTS of 12° or more was observed in 49%. Conclusions ACL reconstruction in the juvenile with living parental hamstring tendon allograft is a viable procedure associated with excellent clinical stability, patient-reported outcomes and return to sport over 2 years. Further ACL injury to the reconstructed and the contralateral knee remains a significant risk, with identical prevalence observed between the reconstructed and contralateral ACL between 12 and 24 months after surgery. Level of evidence III (Cohort Study).

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影响因子:2.44
发表时间:2020-01-29
DOI:10.1007/s00264-020-04485-1
作者列表:["Skvortsov, D.","Kaurkin, S.","Goncharov, E.","Akhpashev, A."]

METHODS:Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the biomechanics of walking and of the knee joint in the acute phase of ACL injury. Methods We examined 18 patients with acute ACL injuries and 20 healthy adults as controls. The biomechanics of the knee joint and of walking was assessed by 5 inertial sensors fixed with special cuffs to the lower back, the lower third of the thigh, and the lower third of the shank of the right and left legs. The movements and temporal characteristics were recorded while the subject was walking 10 m at a comfortable pace. Based on the results of examination, the patients were divided into two groups: with severe function impairment (6 patients) and with moderate function impairment (12 patients). Results It was found that in the first days post-trauma, not only the knee function was reduced, but the function of the entire lower limb as well. This led to a functional asymmetry. The kinematics of movements in the joints changed in accordance with slower walking. The walking became not only slower, but it was also associated with a decreased impact load in the weight acceptance phase. At later dates, the functional impairments were less pronounced. The total range of flexion motion did not exceed 20 degrees in the first group and 55 degrees in the second one. The injured joint developed functional immobilization within the first days post-injury. This was a guarding response by additional muscle strain to prevent unusual and limit physiological movements in the knee joint. The movements in the knee joint while walking were of small amplitude, rocking, and occurred only under load. The amplitude of the main flexion in the swing phase was reduced. Conclusion The stage of an ACL injury should be assessed not only based on the time post-trauma, but also taking account of the functional parameter—the knee range of flexion while walking. According to our findings, the only factor that had influenced the functional condition of the KJ was the duration of joint immobilization after trauma.

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影响因子:2.21
发表时间:2020-01-24
DOI:10.1007/s00402-020-03350-5
作者列表:["Theopold, Jan","Schleifenbaum, Stefan","Georgi, Alexander","Schmidt, Michael","Henkelmann, Ralf","Osterhoff, Georg","Hepp, Pierre"]

METHODS:Purpose Numerous techniques have been described for the tibial-sided graft preparation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The use of less suture material for graft preparation is thought to improve ingrowth and to reduce the risk for infection. At the same time, the suture construct should be strong enough to resist the surgeon’s pull during tensioning of the transplant. Methods In total, 39 fresh-frozen procine deep flexor tendons were used and prepared as four-strand grafts. In the three-suture group ( n  = 19), graft preparation was performed using three tibial-sided sutures, with each tendon end sutured separately. In the one-suture group ( n  = 20), a modified graft preparation using only one tibial-sided suture was applied. Each sample underwent load-to-failure testing ( N _max) after cyclic pre-loading. To estimate intraoperative tension forces acting on the tibial-sided suture constructs, the maximal tension force of 26 volunteers on such a construct was measured using a load cell. Results The biomechanical testing of the two different suture constructs showed a significantly higher load-to-failure for the three-suture group (711 N ± 91 N) compared to the one-suture group (347 N ± 24 N) ( p  = 0.0001). In both groups, the mode of failure was a tear of the suture in all samples. A failure of the suture–tendon interface was not observed in any case. The median maximal tension force on the construct applied by the 26 volunteers was 134 N (range 73–182 N). Conclusion The presented single-suture tendon graft preparation resisted to smaller failure loads than the conventional three-suture technique. However, no failures in the suture–tendon interface were seen and the failure loads observed were far beyond the tension forces that can be expected intraoperatively. Hence, the single-suture graft preparation technique may be a valuable alternative to the conventional technique.

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