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Chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone in patients with esophageal cancer aged 80 years or older based on the Comprehensive Registry of Esophageal Cancer in Japan.
基于日本食管癌综合登记处的 80 岁及以上食管癌患者的放化疗和单纯放疗。
- 影响因子:1.78
- DOI:10.1007/s10388-020-00725-w
- 作者列表:"Jingu K","Numasaki H","Toh Y","Nemoto K","Uno T","Doki Y","Matsubara H
- 发表时间:2020-02-22
Abstract
BACKGROUND:There has been no definitive evidence of chemoradiotherapy being superior to radiotherapy alone in patients aged 80 years or older. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the results of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients aged 80 years or older with esophageal cancer in the Japanese Nationwide Cancer Database. METHODS:A total of 358 patients aged 80 years or older who were treated with radiotherapy alone or with chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer between 2009 and 2011 were enrolled. RESULTS:The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in patients with cStages 0-I, II, III and IV were 40.9%, 24.7%, 12.2% and 4.9%, respectively. The 5-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates in patients aged 80 years or older with cStages 0-I, cStage II, cStage III and cStage IV were 73.5%, 41.4%, 25.3% and 7.4%, respectively. In patients treated with radiotherapy alone, the 5-year OS rates for patients with cStages 0-I, II, III and IV were 36.5%, 12.0%, 5.4% and 0%, respectively. In patients treated with chemoradiotherapy, the 5-year OS rates for patients with cStages 0-I, II, III and IV were 45.0%, 36.1%, 16.4% and 7.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, chemoradiotherapy, early stage and squamous cell carcinoma were significantly favorable prognostic factors for OS in patients aged 80 years or older (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.0323, respectively). We were unable to evaluate toxicities, because of lack of information in the registry. CONCLUSION:Concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer in patients aged 80 years or older is a significantly favorable prognostic factor for OS. However, chemoradiotherapy should be carefully selected in elderly patients.
摘要
背景: 在 80 岁或以上的患者中,没有确切的证据表明放化疗优于单纯放疗。本研究的目的是评估日本全国癌症数据库中 80 岁或以上食管癌患者的放疗和放化疗结果。 方法: 358 例年龄 ≥ 80 岁的食管癌患者,分别于 2009年和 2011 接受单纯放疗或放化疗治疗。 结果: c0-i 期、 II 期、 III 期和 IV 期患者的 5 年总生存率分别为 40.9% 、 24.7% 、 12.2% 和 4.9%。年龄 ≥ 80 岁的 c 分期 0-I 期、 c 分期 ⅱ 期、 c 分期 ⅲ 期和 c 分期 ⅳ 期患者的 5 年病因特异性生存率 (CSS) 分别为 73.5% 、 41.4% 、 25.3% 和 7.4%,分别。在单纯放疗的患者中,c 分期为 0-I 、 II 、 III 和 IV 的患者 5 年 OS 率分别为 36.5% 、 12.0% 、 5.4% 和 0%。在接受放化疗的患者中,c0-i 期、 II 期、 III 期和 IV 期患者的 5 年 OS 率分别为 45.0% 、 36.1% 、 16.4% 和 7.1%。多因素分析中,放化疗、早期和鳞状细胞癌是 80 岁以上患者 OS 的有利预后因素 (p <0.001,分别为 p <0.001 和 p = 0.0323)。由于注册表中缺乏信息,我们无法评估毒性。 结论: 80 岁以上食管癌患者同步放化疗是 OS 的预后因素。但老年患者应慎重选择放化疗。
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METHODS:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the survival and toxicities in cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CESCC) treated by concurrent chemoradiothrapy with either three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques. Materials and Methods:A total of 112 consecutive CESCC patients were retrospectively reviewed. 3D-CRT and IMRT groups had been analyzed by propensity score matching method, with sex, age, Karnofsky performance status, induction chemotherapy, and tumor stage well matched. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Toxicities were compared between two groups by Fisher exact test. RESULTS:With a median follow-up time of 34.9 months, the 3-year OS (p=0.927) and PFS (p=0.859) rate was 49.6% and 45.8% in 3D-CRT group, compared with 54.4% and 42.8% in IMRT group. The rates of grade ≥ 3 esophagitis, grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis, esophageal stricture, and hemorrhage were comparable between two groups, while the rate of tracheostomy dependence was much higher in IMRT group than 3D-CRT group (14.3% vs.1.8%, p=0.032). Radiotherapy technique (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 0.79) and pretreatment hoarseness (HR, 0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.70) were independently prognostic of tracheostomy dependence. CONCLUSION:No survival benefits had been observed while comparing IMRT versus 3D-CRT in CESCC patients. IMRT with fraction dose escalation and pretreatment hoarseness were considered to be associated with a higher risk for tracheostomy dependence. Radiation dose escalation beyond 60 Gy should be taken into account carefully when using IMRT with hypofractionated regimen.
METHODS::The radial force of esophageal stents may not completely change during extraction and therefore, the procedure of stent removal may cause tissue damage. The present study reports the manufacture of 2 novel detachable stents, which were designed to reduce tissue damage through their capacity to be taken or fall apart prior to removal and evaluated the supporting properties of these stents and the extent of local mucosal injury during their removal. The stents were manufactured by braiding, heat-setting, coating and connecting. The properties of the stents were evaluated by determining the following parameters: Expansion point, softening point, stent flexibility, radial compression ratio and radial force. A total of 18 rabbits with induced esophageal stricture were randomly assigned to 3 groups as follows: Detachable stent (DS) group, biodegradable stent (BS) group and control group. The stricture rate, complications, survival, degradation and stent removal were observed over 8 weeks. The stents of the DS and BS groups provided a similar supporting effect. The stricture rate, incidence of complications and survival were also similar between the 2 groups, while significant differences were noted between the DS and control groups and between the BS and control groups. In the BS group, the stents were degraded and moved to the stomach within 7 weeks (2 in 6 weeks and 3 in 7 weeks). The debris was extracted using biopsy forceps. In the DS group, all stents were easy to remove and 2 cases exhibited minor hemorrhage. In conclusion, the 2 types of novel detachable stent provided an equally efficient supporting effect in vitro and in vivo and may reduce the incidence of secondary injury during stent removal.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:Immune imbalance and inflammation have been suggested as key factors of Barrett's esophagus (BE) pathway towards adenocarcinoma. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) indirectly reflects the relation between innate and adaptive immune systems and has been studied in premalignant conditions as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate if increasing values of NLR correlated with advancing stages of BE progression to dysplasia and neoplasia. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with biopsies reporting BE between 2013 and 2017 and with a complete blood count within 6 months from the endoscopy, as well as patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). NLR was calculated as neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. Cases (n = 113) were classified as non-dysplastic BE (NDBE, n = 72), dysplastic BE (DBE, n = 11) and EAC (n = 30). RESULTS:NLR progressively increased across groups (NDBE, 1.92 ± 0.7; DBE, 2.92 ± 1.1; EAC 4.54 ± 2.9), with a significant correlation between its increasing value and the presence of dysplasia or neoplasia (r = 0.53, p 2.27 was able to diagnose EAC with 80% sensitivity and 71% specificity (area under the curve = 0.8). CONCLUSION:NLR correlates with advancing stages of BE progression, a finding that reinforces the role of immune imbalance in EAC carcinogenesis and suggests a possible use of this marker for risk stratification on surveillance strategies.