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Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect of Angong Niuhuang Pill via Regulating Th17/Treg Immune Balance and Inhibiting Chronic Inflammatory on ApoE-/- Mice Model of Early and Mid-Term Atherosclerosis.

安宫牛黄丸通过调节 Th17/Treg 免疫平衡和抑制慢性炎症对 ApoE-/-小鼠早中期动脉粥样硬化模型的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。

  • 影响因子:3.92
  • DOI:10.3389/fphar.2019.01584
  • 作者列表:"Fan Q","Liu Y","Rao J","Zhang Z","Xiao W","Zhu T","Chai X","Ye K","Ning N","Yin Z","Chai Y","Xu Y","Lan R","Verkhratsky A","Nie H
  • 发表时间:2020-01-31
Abstract

:Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) is a well-known patented Chinese medicine which is used for hundreds of years for treating the central nervous system diseases. Atherosclerosis is a poly-aetiological chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Preventing inflammation is fundamental for treating atherosclerosis in early stages. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of ANP action on a high-fat diet induced early and mid-term atherosclerosis ApoE-/- mice. The effects of ANP were compared with accepted drug simvastatin. Twelve male C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group, and 60 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups: Model group, Simvastatin group, Low-, Medium-, and High-dose ANP group these groups received, respectively, saline, simvastatin (3.0mg/kg), low-dose ANP (0.25 g/kg), medium-dose ANP (0.50 g/kg), and high-dose ANP (1.0 g/kg), once every other day for 10 weeks. After administration, serum biochemical indices were detected by the automatic biochemical analyzer, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum were assayed by ELISA, expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-9, CCL2, and its receptor CCR2 in the full-length aorta, and expression levels of transcription factors Foxp3, RORγt in the spleen were assayed via western blotting and RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze Th17 cells and Treg cells. Pathological and histological analysis was completed on aortic root. ANP decreased LDL/HDL ratio, concentrations of IL-6 while increased IL-10 in serum. Moreover, ANP down-regulated the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-9, CCL2, and CCR2 receptor in the full-length aorta. In addition, ANP decreased Th17 cells and expression levels of transcription factor RORγt, increased Treg cells and expression levels of transcription factor Foxp3. ANP decreased content of collagen fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aortic root. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ANP has anti-atherosclerosis effects on a high-fat diet induced ApoE-/- mice early and mid-term AS model via regulating Th17/Treg balance, inhibiting chronic inflammation, reducing plaque collagen fibers, and reducing inflammatory cells infiltration, to exert its multi-channel multi-target anti-early and mid-term AS effects.

摘要

安宫牛黄丸 (ANP) 是一种著名的专利中药,用于治疗中枢神经系统疾病已有数百年历史。动脉粥样硬化是一种多病因的慢性炎症性血管疾病。预防炎症是早期治疗动脉粥样硬化的基础。在这项研究中,我们研究了 ANP 对高脂饮食诱导的早期和中期动脉粥样硬化 ApoE-/-小鼠的保护作用和可能的机制。ANP 的作用与接受的药物辛伐他汀进行比较。12 只雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠为对照组,60 只雄性 ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为 5 组: 模型组、辛伐他汀组、低-、中-、 ANP 高剂量组分别给予生理盐水、辛伐他汀 (3.0 mg/kg) 、低剂量 ANP (0.25g/kg) 、中剂量 ANP(0.50g/kg) 、大剂量 ANP (1.0g/kg),隔日 1 次,共 10 周。给药后,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清生化指标,采用 ELISA 法检测血清中 IL-6 、 IL-10 的浓度,同时检测 il-1 β 、 TNF-α 、 MMP-2 的表达水平。 MMP-9,CCL2 及其受体 CCR2 在全长主动脉中的表达水平,转录因子 Foxp3,通过 western blotting 和 RT-qPCR 检测脾脏中的 ror γ t。流式细胞术分析 Th17 细胞和 Treg 细胞。主动脉根部完成病理组织学分析。ANP 降低 LDL/HDL 比值、 IL-6 浓度,同时升高血清 IL-10。此外,ANP 下调全长主动脉中 il-1 β 、 TNF-α 、 MMP-2 、 MMP-9 、 CCL2 和 CCR2 受体的表达水平。此外,ANP 降低 Th17 细胞和转录因子 ror γ t 的表达水平,增加 Treg 细胞和转录因子 foxp3 的表达水平。ANP 降低主动脉根部胶原纤维含量和炎性细胞浸润。总之,我们证明 ANP 通过调节 Th17/Treg 平衡对高脂饮食诱导的 ApoE-/-小鼠早期和中期 AS 模型具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用, 抑制慢性炎症,减少斑块胶原纤维,减少炎症细胞浸润,发挥其多途径多靶点抗早中期 AS 作用。

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影响因子:4.51
发表时间:2020-01-24
来源期刊:Nutrients
DOI:10.3390/nu12010090
作者列表:["Stephen Morehen","Benoit Smeuninx","Molly Perkins","Paul Morgan","Leigh Breen"]

METHODS:Maintaining adequate daily protein intake is important to maintain muscle mass throughout the lifespan. In this regard, the overnight period has been identified as a window of opportunity to increase protein intake in the elderly. However, it is unknown whether pre-sleep protein intake affects next-morning appetite and, consequently, protein intake. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a pre-sleep protein drink on next-morning appetite, energy intake and metabolism. Twelve older individuals (eight males, four females; age: 71.3 ± 4.2 years) took part in a single-blind randomised cross-over study. After a standardised dinner, participants consumed either a 40-g protein drink, isocaloric maltodextrin drink, or placebo water control before bedtime. Next-morning appetite, energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory exchange rate (RER), and plasma acylated ghrelin, leptin, glucose, and insulin concentrations were assessed. No between-group differences were observed for appetite and energy intake at breakfast. Furthermore, RMR, RER, and assessed blood markers were not significantly different between any of the treatment groups. Pre-sleep protein intake does not affect next-morning appetite and energy intake and is therefore a viable strategy to increase daily protein intake in an older population.

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影响因子:4.32
发表时间:2020-01-24
DOI:10.3390/ijms21010123
作者列表:["Tzi-Peng Yang","Hsiao-Mei Chen","Chao-Chin Hu","Li-Yuan Chen","Fen-Fen Shih","Disline Manli Tantoh","Kuan-Jung Lee","Yi-Chia Liaw","Rong-Tzong Tsai","Yung-Po Liaw"]

METHODS:Leptin (LEP) regulates glucose metabolism and energy storage in the body. Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the upregulation of serum LEP. LEP promoter methylation is associated with obesity. So far, few studies have explored the association of BMI and OA with LEP methylation. We assessed the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and OA on LEP promoter methylation. Data of 1114 participants comprising 583 men and 558 women, aged 30−70 years were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank Database (2008−2015). Osteoarthritis was self-reported and cases were those who reported having ever been clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis. BMI was categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The mean LEP promoter methylation level in individuals with osteoarthritis was 0.5509 ± 0.00437 and 0.5375 ± 0.00101 in those without osteoarthritis. The interaction between osteoarthritis and BMI on LEP promoter methylation was significant (p-value = 0.0180). With normal BMI as the reference, the mean LEP promoter methylation level was significantly higher in obese osteoarthritic individuals (β = 0.03696, p-value = 0.0187). However, there was no significant association between BMI and LEP promoter methylation in individuals without osteoarthritis, regardless of BMI. In conclusion, only obesity was significantly associated with LEP promoter methylation (higher levels) specifically in osteoarthritic patients.

翻译标题与摘要 下载文献
影响因子:4.82
发表时间:2020-01-01
DOI:10.1038/s41366-019-0368-2
作者列表:["Wulan, Siti N.","Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera B.","Westerterp, Klaas R.","Plasqui, Guy"]

METHODS:Background For the same BMI, South Asians have a higher body fat percentage, a higher liver fat content and a more adverse metabolic profile than whites. South Asians may have a lower fat oxidation than whites, which could result in an unfavorable metabolic profile when exposed to increased high-fat foods consumption and decreased physical activity as in current modern lifestyle. Objective To determine substrate partitioning, liver fat accumulation and metabolic profile in South Asian and white men in response to overfeeding with high-fat diet under sedentary conditions in a respiration chamber. Design Ten South Asian men (BMI, 18–29 kg/m^2) and 10 white men (BMI, 22–33 kg/m^2), matched for body fat percentage, aged 20–40 year were included. A weight maintenance diet (30% fat, 55% carbohydrate, and 15% protein) was given for 3 days. Thereafter, a baseline measurement of liver fat content (1H-MRS) and blood parameters was performed. Subsequently, subjects were overfed (150% energy requirement) with a high-fat diet (60% fat, 25% carbohydrate, and 15% protein) over 3 consecutive days while staying in a respiration chamber mimicking a sedentary lifestyle. Energy expenditure and substrate use were measured for 3 × 24-h. Liver fat and blood parameters were measured again after the subjects left the chamber. Results The 24-h fat oxidation as a percentage of total energy expenditure did not differ between ethnicities ( P  = 0.30). Overfeeding increased liver fat content ( P  = 0.02), but the increase did not differ between ethnicities ( P  = 0.64). In South Asians, overfeeding tended to increase LDL-cholesterol ( P  = 0.08), tended to decrease glucose clearance ( P  = 0.06) and tended to elevate insulin response ( P  = 0.07) slightly more than whites. Conclusions Despite a similar substrate partitioning and similar accretion of liver fat, overfeeding with high-fat under sedentary conditions tended to have more adverse effects on the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in South Asians.

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