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Preoperative vaginal cleansing with chlorhexidine solution in preventing post-cesarean section infections in a low resource setting: A randomized controlled trial.

在低资源环境下,术前用氯己定溶液清洗阴道预防剖宫产术后感染: 一项随机对照试验。

  • 影响因子:0
  • DOI:10.1111/aogs.14060
  • 作者列表:"Ogah CO","Anikwe CC","Ajah LO","Ikeotuonye AC","Lawani OL","Okorochukwu BC","Ikeoha CC","Okoroafor FC
  • 发表时间:2021-04-01
Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Infection is one of the most common causes of maternal morbidities and mortality and has been reported to be responsible for about 15% of maternal deaths. Any woman is at risk of infection during childbirth, but women undergoing cesarean section are at higher risk. Improvement in surgical procedures with asepsis and the use of antibiotics have helped reduce postoperative infectious morbidities. However, ascending infection from the lower to the upper genital tract is a common but often neglected source of infection. Cleaning the vagina with chlorhexidine antiseptic solution before cesarean section can be a cheap and affordable source of infection control. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of preoperative vaginal cleansing using 1.0% chlorhexidine in the reduction of post-cesarean section infectious morbidities. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This prospective randomized control trial was conducted among 322 pregnant women who underwent an emergency cesarean section at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA). The women were randomized into two groups. The interventional group received vaginal cleansing with three standard gauzes soaked in 30 mL 1.0% chlorhexidine gluconate solution preoperatively in addition to surgical skin cleaning with chlorhexidine-alcohol. The women in the control group only had surgical skin cleaning with chlorhexidine-alcohol. All the women received pre- and postoperative antibiotics. The primary outcomes were endometritis and wound infections. RESULTS:Infectious morbidity was significantly reduced from 36.8% in the control group to 12.0% in the intervention group (P = .001). Endometritis occurred significantly less frequently in the intervention group than the control group (respectively 6.6% compared with 27.6%: relative risk [RR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.53; P < .05). Foul-smelling vaginal discharge was significantly more common in the control group than in the intervention group (11.8% vs 1.3%, respectively) but the CI was wide (RR 8.5, 95% CI 1.30-64.55; P < .001). Fever and wound infection were more common in the control group (5.9% vs 3.3% and 9.2% vs 5.3%) but the difference was not significant. The hospital stay was significantly shorter among the intervention group (5.54 ± 1.04 days compared with 6.01 ± 1.55 days, P < 0.05). The most common microbial isolate implicated in endocervical colonization was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Klebsiella species. CONCLUSIONS:Vaginal cleansing with 1.0% chlorhexidine gluconate solution before emergency cesarean section appears to be effective in reducing rates of post-cesarean section infectious morbidity in the study area. We recommend its use among women undergoing cesarean section to help reduce the contribution of infections to a poor obstetrics outcome.

摘要

引言: 感染是孕产妇发病率和死亡率的最常见原因之一,据报道,约15% 的孕产妇死亡是由感染引起的。任何妇女在分娩期间都有感染的风险,但接受剖宫产的妇女风险较高。在外科手术过程中使用无菌制剂和使用抗生素的改善有助于减少术后感染性疾病。然而,从下至上生殖道的上行感染是一种常见但常被忽视的传染源。剖宫产前用氯己定防腐溶液清洁阴道可以是一种便宜且负担得起的传染源控制。本研究旨在评估术前使用1.0% 氯己定清洗阴道对减少剖宫产术后感染性疾病的疗效。 材料和方法: 这项前瞻性随机对照试验是在Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA) 的Alex Ekwueme联邦大学教学医院接受紧急剖宫产的322名孕妇中进行的。这些妇女被随机分为两组。干预组术前用3种标准纱布浸泡30 mL 1.0% 葡萄糖酸氯己定溶液进行阴道清洁,同时用氯己定-酒精进行手术皮肤清洁。对照组的妇女仅用氯己定酒精进行外科皮肤清洁。所有患者术前和术后均接受抗生素治疗。主要结局为子宫内膜炎和伤口感染。 结果: 感染发病率从对照组的36.8% 显著降低到干预组的12.0% (P = .001)。干预组子宫内膜炎发生率显著低于对照组 (分别为6.6% 与27.6%: 相对危险度 [RR] 0.29,95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.16-0.53; P <.05)。对照组中恶臭的阴道分泌物明显多于干预组 (分别为11.8% 和1.3%),但CI较宽 (RR 8.5,95% CI 1.30-64.55; P <.001)。发热和伤口感染在对照组中更常见 (5.9% vs 3.3% 和9.2% vs 5.3%),但差异无显著性。干预组住院时间为5.54 ± 1.04天,对照组为6.01 ± 1.55天,差异有统计学意义 (P <0.05)。与宫颈内定植有关的最常见的微生物分离物是金黄色葡萄球菌,其次是克雷伯菌属。 结论: 在本研究地区,急诊剖宫产术前用1.0% 葡萄糖酸氯己定溶液进行阴道清洗可有效降低剖宫产术后感染率。我们建议在接受剖宫产的妇女中使用它,以帮助减少感染对产科不良结局的影响。

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