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A phase II Japanese trial of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab for previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
日本一项氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺和利妥昔单抗治疗既往未经治疗的慢性淋巴细胞白血病的II期试验。
- 影响因子:2.04
- DOI:10.1093/jjco/hyaa215
- 作者列表:"Izutsu K","Kinoshita T","Takizawa J","Fukuhara S","Yamamoto G","Ohashi Y","Suzumiya J","Tobinai K
- 发表时间:2021-03-03
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) is the standard regimen for fit patients with untreated CD20-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, this combination is unavailable in Japan because rituximab is not approved for CLL. We investigated the efficacy and safety of FCR in this single-arm, multicenter study designed as a bridging study to the CLL8 study by the German CLL Study Group. METHODS:The study enrolled previously untreated patients with CLL of Binet stage B or C with active disease. Patients with a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score of ≤6 and creatinine clearance of ≥70 ml/min were eligible. Patients received 6 cycles of FCR every 28 days and were followed for up to 1 year. RESULTS:Seven patients were enrolled. The best overall response rate according to the 1996 NCI-WG Guidelines, the primary endpoint of the study, was 71.4% (95% confidence interval, 29.0-96.3%), with one patient achieving complete response. No deaths or progression occurred during follow-up. The main adverse event was hematotoxicity. CD4-positive T-cell count decreased in all patients; most patients showed no reduction in serum immunoglobulin G. CONCLUSION:Although the number of patients was limited, FCR appears to be effective with manageable toxicity for treatment-naïve fit Japanese patients with CD20-positive CLL. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER:JapicCTI-132285.
摘要
目的: 氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺和利妥昔单抗 (FCR) 是治疗CD20-positive慢性淋巴细胞白血病 (CLL) 的标准方案。然而,该组合在日本不可用,因为利妥昔单抗未被批准用于CLL。我们在这项由德国CLL研究组设计为CLL8研究的桥接研究的单臂多中心研究中调查了FCR的疗效和安全性。 方法: 本研究纳入了既往未经治疗的Binet B期或C期CLL患者,并伴有活动性疾病。累积病情评定量表评分 ≤ 6分、肌酐清除率 ≥ 70毫升/min的患者符合入选条件。患者每28天接受6个周期的FCR,随访长达1年。 结果: 7例患者入选。根据1996 nci-wg指南 (研究的主要终点),最佳总体缓解率为71.4% (95% 置信区间,29.0-96.3%),1例患者达到完全缓解。随访期间未发生死亡或进展。主要不良事件为血液毒性。所有患者中CD4-positive的T细胞计数降低; 大多数患者显示血清免疫球蛋白G没有降低。 结论: 尽管患者数量有限,但FCR似乎对CD20-positive CLL的日本初治患者有效,毒性可控。 临床试验编号: JapicCTI-132285。
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METHODS::The ATP binding-cassette superfamily corresponds the mostly transmembrane transporters family found in humans. These proteins actively transport endogenous and exogenous substrates through biological membranes in body tissues, so they have an important role in the regulation of many physiological functions necessary for human homeostasis, as well as in response regulation to several pharmacological substrates. The development of multidrug resistance has become one of the main troubles in conventional chemotherapy in different illnesses including cancer, being the increased efflux of antineoplastic drugs the main reason for this multidrug resistance, with a key role of the ABC superfamily. Likely, the interindividual variability in the pharmacological response among patients is well known, and may be due to intrinsically factors of the disease, genetic and environmental ones. Thus, the understanding of this variability, especially the genetic variability associated with the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, can provide a safer and more effective pharmacological treatment, so ABC genes are considered as important regulators due to their relationship with the reduction in pharmacological response. In this review, updated information about transporters belonging to this superfamily was collected, the possible role of these transporters in cancer, the role of genetic variability in their genes, as well as some therapeutic tools that have been tried to raise against main transporters associated with chemoresistance in cancer.
METHODS:BACKGROUND:Cholinergic neurotransmission regulates neuroinflammation in Parkinson disease (PD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:The authors conducted a delayed-start study of donepezil for cognitive decline in non-demented PD patients. The study consisted of a 96-week randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase 1, followed by a 24-week donepezil extension phase 2. The primary outcome measure was a change in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at week 120. RESULTS:A total of 98 patients were randomly allocated to the early-start (donepezil-to-donepezil) and delayed-start (placebo-to-donepezil) groups. Mean (SD) of the baseline MMSE was 27.6 (2.0) and 28.0 (2.1), respectively. MMSE change at week 120 was better in the early-start group than in the delayed-start group, but the difference was not significant. The MMSE declined in apolipoprotein ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers, and the factor interaction (intervention × ε4 genotype) was highly significant (P < 0.001). Analyzed with the interaction, the difference was significant (group difference 1.95 [0.33 to 3.57], P = 0.018). The MMSE decline slope in phase 1 was significantly better in the early-start group than in the delayed-start group (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:Cognitive function deteriorated in ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers, and early-start donepezil may postpone cognitive decline in the former.
METHODS::Since the discovery of dental pulp stem cells, a lot of teams have expressed an interest in dental pulp regeneration. Many approaches, experimental models and biological explorations have been developed, each including the use of stem cells and scaffolds with the final goal being clinical application in humans. In this review, the authors' objective was to compare the experimental models and strategies used for the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering of dental pulp with stem cells. Electronic queries were conducted on PubMed using the following terms: pulp regeneration, scaffold, stem cells, tissue engineering and biomaterial. The extracted data included the following information: the strategy envisaged, the type of stem cells, the experimental models, the exploration or analysis methods, the cytotoxicity or viability or proliferation cellular tests, the tests of scaffold antibacterial properties and take into account the vascularization of the regenerated dental pulp. From the 71 selected articles, 59% focused on the "cell-transplantation" strategy, 82% used in vitro experimentation, 58% in vivo animal models and only one described an in vivo in situ human clinical study. 87% used dental pulp stem cells. A majority of the studies reported histology (75%) and immunohistochemistry explorations (66%). 73% mentioned the use of cytotoxicity, proliferation or viability tests. 48% took vascularization into account but only 6% studied the antibacterial properties of the scaffolds. This article gives an overview of the methods used to regenerate dental pulp from stem cells and should help researchers create the best development strategies for research in this field.