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A piglet model of iatrogenic rectosigmoid hypoganglionosis reveals the impact of the enteric nervous system on gut barrier function and microbiota postnatal development.

医源性直肠乙状结肠下神经节病的仔猪模型揭示了肠神经系统对肠道屏障功能和出生后微生物群发育的影响。

  • 影响因子:2.14
  • DOI:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.018
  • 作者列表:"Arnaud AP","Hascoet J","Berneau P","LeGouevec F","Georges J","Randuineau G","Formal M","Henno S","Boudry G
  • 发表时间:2021-02-01
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis physiopathology likely involves disturbed interactions between gut microbes and the host during the early neonatal period. Our objective was to create a neonatal porcine model of iatrogenic aganglionosis to evaluate the impact of the enteric nervous system (ENS) on microbiota and intestinal barrier postnatal development. METHODS:Under general anesthesia, the rectosigmoid serosa of 5-day-old suckling piglets was exposed to 0.5% benzalkonium chloride solution (BAC, n = 7) or saline (SHAM, n = 5) for 1 h. After surgery, animals returned to their home-cage with the sow and littermates and were studied 21 days later. RESULTS:BAC treatment induced partial aganglionosis with absence of myenteric plexus and reduced surface area of submucosal plexus ganglia (-58%, P < 0.05) in one third of the rectosigmoid circumference. Epithelial permeability of this zone was increased (conductance +63%, FITC-dextran flux +386%, horseradish-peroxidase flux +563%, P < 0.05). Tight junction protein remodeling was observed with decreased ZO-1 (-95%, P < 0.05) and increased claudin-3 and e-cadherin expressions (+197% and 61%, P < 0.05 and P = 0.06, respectively). BAC piglets harbored greater abundance of proinflammatory bacteria (Bilophila, Fusobacterium) compared to SHAM in the rectosigmoid lumen. CONCLUSIONS:This large animal model demonstrates that hypoganglionosis is associated with dramatic defects of gut barrier function and establishment of proinflammatory bacteria. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

摘要

背景: 先天性巨结肠相关小肠结肠炎的病理生理学可能涉及新生儿早期肠道微生物与宿主之间的相互作用紊乱。我们的目的是创建一个医源性无神经节细胞病的新生猪模型,以评估肠神经系统 (ENS) 对微生物群和出生后肠道屏障发育的影响。 方法: 在全身麻醉下,将5日龄哺乳仔猪的直肠乙状结肠浆膜暴露于0.5% 苯扎氯铵溶液 (BAC,n   =   7) 或生理盐水 (SHAM,n   =   5) 1  h。手术后,动物与母猪和同窝动物一起回到他们的家笼中,并在21天之后进行研究。 结果: BAC治疗引起部分神经节细胞病,58% 的直肠乙状窦周肌间神经丛缺失,黏膜下神经丛神经节表面积减少 (-0.05,p <3分之1)。该区域上皮通透性增加 (电导 + 63%,FITC-葡聚糖通量 + 386%,辣根过氧化物酶通量 + 563%,p <0.05)。观察到紧密连接蛋白重塑,ZO-1下降 (-95%,p <0.05),claudin-3和e-cadherin表达增加 (分别为 + 197% 和61%,p <0.05和p = 0.06)。与SHAM相比,BAC仔猪在直肠乙状腔中具有更丰富的促炎细菌 (Bilophila,梭杆菌属)。 结论: 该大型动物模型表明,神经节细胞减少与肠道屏障功能的显著缺陷和促炎细菌的建立相关。 证据级别:

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DOI:10.1007/s11033-021-06155-w
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影响因子:2.68
发表时间:2021-02-01
DOI:10.1080/14656566.2020.1814255
作者列表:["Sawada H","Oeda T","Kohsaka M","Tomita S","Umemura A","Park K","Yamamoto K","Kiyohara K"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Cholinergic neurotransmission regulates neuroinflammation in Parkinson disease (PD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:The authors conducted a delayed-start study of donepezil for cognitive decline in non-demented PD patients. The study consisted of a 96-week randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase 1, followed by a 24-week donepezil extension phase 2. The primary outcome measure was a change in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at week 120. RESULTS:A total of 98 patients were randomly allocated to the early-start (donepezil-to-donepezil) and delayed-start (placebo-to-donepezil) groups. Mean (SD) of the baseline MMSE was 27.6 (2.0) and 28.0 (2.1), respectively. MMSE change at week 120 was better in the early-start group than in the delayed-start group, but the difference was not significant. The MMSE declined in apolipoprotein ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers, and the factor interaction (intervention × ε4 genotype) was highly significant (P < 0.001). Analyzed with the interaction, the difference was significant (group difference 1.95 [0.33 to 3.57], P = 0.018). The MMSE decline slope in phase 1 was significantly better in the early-start group than in the delayed-start group (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:Cognitive function deteriorated in ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers, and early-start donepezil may postpone cognitive decline in the former.

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影响因子:2.06
发表时间:2021-03-24
DOI:10.1007/s11033-021-06299-9
作者列表:["Louvrier A","Terranova L","Meyer C","Meyer F","Euvrard E","Kroemer M","Rolin G"]

METHODS::Since the discovery of dental pulp stem cells, a lot of teams have expressed an interest in dental pulp regeneration. Many approaches, experimental models and biological explorations have been developed, each including the use of stem cells and scaffolds with the final goal being clinical application in humans. In this review, the authors' objective was to compare the experimental models and strategies used for the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering of dental pulp with stem cells. Electronic queries were conducted on PubMed using the following terms: pulp regeneration, scaffold, stem cells, tissue engineering and biomaterial. The extracted data included the following information: the strategy envisaged, the type of stem cells, the experimental models, the exploration or analysis methods, the cytotoxicity or viability or proliferation cellular tests, the tests of scaffold antibacterial properties and take into account the vascularization of the regenerated dental pulp. From the 71 selected articles, 59% focused on the "cell-transplantation" strategy, 82% used in vitro experimentation, 58% in vivo animal models and only one described an in vivo in situ human clinical study. 87% used dental pulp stem cells. A majority of the studies reported histology (75%) and immunohistochemistry explorations (66%). 73% mentioned the use of cytotoxicity, proliferation or viability tests. 48% took vascularization into account but only 6% studied the antibacterial properties of the scaffolds. This article gives an overview of the methods used to regenerate dental pulp from stem cells and should help researchers create the best development strategies for research in this field.

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