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Preconditioning with lidocaine and xylazine in experimental equine jejunal ischaemia.
利多卡因和甲苯噻嗪预处理实验性马空肠缺血。
- 影响因子:1.86
- DOI:10.1111/evj.13251
- 作者列表:"Verhaar N","Pfarrer C","Neudeck S","König K","Rohn K","Twele L","Kästner S
- 发表时间:2021-01-01
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Pharmacological preconditioning of dexmedetomidine on small intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury has been reported in different animal models including horses. OBJECTIVES:The objective was to assess if xylazine and lidocaine have a preconditioning effect in an experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia. STUDY DESIGN:Terminal in vivo experiment. METHODS:Ten horses under general anaesthesia were either preconditioned with xylazine (group X; n = 5) or lidocaine (group L; n = 5). A historical untreated control group (group C; n = 5) was used for comparison. An established experimental model of equine jejunal ischaemia was applied, and intestinal samples were taken pre-ischaemia, after ischaemia and following reperfusion. Histomorphological examination was performed based on a modified Chiu score. Immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL and calprotectin was performed, and positive cell counts were expressed in cells/mm2 . RESULTS:There was no progression of histomorphological mucosal injury from ischaemia to reperfusion, and there were no differences in histomorphology between the groups. After ischaemia, group X had significantly less caspase-positive cells compared to the control group with a median difference of 227% (P = .01). After reperfusion, group X exhibited significantly lower calprotectin-positive cell counts compared to the control group, with a median difference of 6.8 cells/mm2 in the mucosa and 44 cells in the serosa (P = .02 and .05 respectively). All groups showed an increase in caspase- and calprotectin-positive cells during reperfusion (P < .05). TUNEL-positive cells increased during ischaemia, followed by a decrease after reperfusion (P < .05). MAIN LIMITATIONS:The small sample size and the use of a historical control group. Preconditioning effects of the tested drugs may be masked by the protective effects of isoflurane in the anaesthetic protocol. CONCLUSIONS:Preconditioning with lidocaine did not have any effect on the tested variables. The lower cell counts of caspase- and calprotectin-positive cells in group X may indicate a beneficial effect of xylazine on ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Due to the absence of a concurrent reduction of histomorphological injury, the clinical significance remains uncertain.
摘要
背景: 在包括马在内的不同动物模型中报道了右美托咪定对小肠缺血/再灌注损伤的药理学预处理。 目的: 评估赛拉嗪和利多卡因在马空肠缺血的实验模型中是否具有预处理作用。 研究设计: 终末体内实验。 方法: 全身麻醉下的10匹马用甲苯噻嗪预处理 (X组; n = 5) 或利多卡因预处理 (L组; n = 5)。使用历史未处理对照组 (C组; n = 5) 进行比较。应用建立的马空肠缺血实验模型,在缺血前、缺血后和再灌注后取肠样品。基于改良Chiu评分进行组织形态学检查。对切割的caspase-3、TUNEL和钙卫蛋白进行免疫组织化学染色,阳性细胞计数以细胞/mm2表达。 结果: 从缺血到再灌注无组织形态学损伤进展,各组间组织形态学无差异。缺血后,与对照组相比,X组具有显著更少的半胱天冬酶阳性细胞,中值差异为227% (P = .01)。再灌注后,与对照组相比,X组表现出显著较低的钙卫蛋白阳性细胞计数,其中粘膜中的中值差异为6.8个细胞/mm2,而浆膜中的中值差异为44个细胞 (分别为P = .02和.05)。所有组在再灌注期间显示caspase-和钙卫蛋白-阳性细胞的增加 (P <.05)。TUNEL阳性细胞在缺血期间增加,随后在再灌注后减少 (P <.05)。 主要限制: 样本量小,使用历史对照组。受试药物的预处理作用可被麻醉方案中异氟烷的保护作用所掩盖。 结论: 利多卡因预处理对测试变量没有任何影响。组X中caspase和钙卫蛋白阳性细胞的较低细胞计数可能表明甲苯噻嗪对缺血/再灌注损伤的有益作用。由于没有同时减少组织形态学损伤,临床意义仍然不确定。
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