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Phase II, multi-center, open-label, single-arm clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil in patients with high-grade locally advanced or metastatic osteosarcoma (ESMMO): rationale and design of the ESMMO trial.
第二阶段,多中心,开放标签,单臂临床试验,评价霉酚酸酯莫非替尔治疗高级别局部晚期或转移性骨肉瘤(ESMMO)的疗效和安全性:ESMMO试验的原理和设计。
- 影响因子:3.29
- DOI:10.1186/s12885-020-06751-2
- 作者列表:"Koonrungsesomboon N","Ngamphaiboon N","Townamchai N","Teeyakasem P","Charoentum C","Charoenkwan P","Natesirinilkul R","Sathitsamitphong L","Ativitavas T","Chaiyawat P","Klangjorhor J","Hongeng S","Pruksakorn D
- 发表时间:2020-03-30
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Clinical outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma remain unsatisfactory, with little improvement in a 5-year overall survival over the past three decades. There is a substantial need for further research and development to identify and develop more efficacious agents/regimens in order to improve clinical outcomes of patients for whom the prognosis is unfavorable. Recently, mycophenolate mofetil, a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, has been found to have anticancer activity against osteosarcoma in both in vitro and animal experiments, so that further investigation in humans is warranted. METHODS:A total of 27 patients with high-grade locally advanced or metastatic osteosarcoma will be enrolled into this phase II, multi-center, open-label, single-arm, two-stage clinical trial. The main objectives of this study are to determine the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in the patients. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival at 16 weeks; the secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, overall survival, overall response rate, safety parameters, pharmacokinetic parameters, biomarkers, pain score, and quality of life. Mycophenolate mofetil at the initial dose of 5 g/day or lower will be administered for 4 cycles (28 days/cycle) or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The dose of mycophenolate mofetil may be reduced by 1-2 g/day or withheld for some Grade 3 or Grade 4 toxicities whenever clinically needed. The duration of study participation is approximately 4-5 months, with a minimum of 12 study visits. If mycophenolate mofetil proves beneficial to some patients, as evidenced by stable disease or partial response at 16 weeks, administration of mycophenolate mofetil will continue in the extension period. DISCUSSION:This trial is the first step in the translation of therapeutic potential of mycophenolate mofetil emerging from in vitro and animal studies into the clinical domain. It is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with high-grade locally advanced or metastatic osteosarcoma. The results will provide important information about whether or not mycophenolate mofetil is worth further development. TRIAL REGISTRATION:This trial was prospectively registered on Thai Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: TCTR20190701001). The posted information will be updated as needed to reflect protocol amendments and study progress.
摘要
背景: 骨肉瘤患者的临床结果仍然不令人满意,在过去 30 年中,5 年总生存率几乎没有改善。需要进一步的研究和开发,以确定和开发更有效的药物/方案,以改善预后不利的患者的临床结局。最近,霉酚酸的前药霉酚酸酯在体外和动物实验中都被发现对骨肉瘤具有抗癌活性,因此有必要在人体中进一步研究。 方法: 共 27 例高级别局部晚期或转移性骨肉瘤患者将被纳入这一 II 期、多中心、开放标签、单臂、两阶段临床试验。本研究的主要目的是确定霉酚酸酯在患者中的疗效和安全性。主要终点是 16 周无进展生存期; 次要终点包括无进展生存期、总反应率、安全性参数、药代动力学参数、生物标志物、疼痛评分、和生活质量。初始剂量为 5g/天或更低的霉酚酸酯将施用 4 个周期 (28 天/周期) 或直到疾病进展或不可接受的毒性。霉酚酸酯的剂量可减少 1-2g/天,或在临床需要时因某些 3 级或 4 级毒性而被扣压。研究参与的持续时间约为 4-5 个月,至少 12 次研究访问。如果霉酚酸酯对某些患者有益,如 16 周时病情稳定或部分缓解所证明,霉酚酸酯将在延长期继续给药。 讨论: 该试验是将吗替麦考酚酯从体外和动物研究中出现的治疗潜力转化为临床领域的第一步。旨在评估吗替麦考酚酯治疗高级别局部晚期或转移性骨肉瘤患者的疗效和安全性。该结果将提供关于霉酚酸酯是否值得进一步开发的重要信息。 试验注册: 本试验在泰国临床试验登记处前瞻性注册 (注册号: TCTR20190701001)。张贴的信息将根据需要更新,以反映议定书修正案和研究进展。
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METHODS:BACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. In order to find factors related to its recurrence, and thus improve recovery prospects, a powerful clinical signature is needed. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential in osteosarcoma processes and development, and here we report significant lncRNAs to aid in earlier diagnosis of osteosarcoma. METHODS:A univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and a multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze osteosarcoma patients' lncRNA expression data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research To Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), a public database. RESULTS:A lncRNA signature consisting of three lncRNAs (RP1-261G23.7, RP11-69E11.4 and SATB2-AS1) was selected. The signature was used to sort patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with meaningful recurrence rates (median recurrence time 16.80 vs. >128.22 months, log-rank test, P143.80 months, log-rank test, P=0.006). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the significant lncRNA was an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma patients. Functional analysis suggests that these lncRNAs were related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, all of which have various, important roles in osteosarcoma development. The significant 3-lncRNA set could be a novel prediction biomarker that could aid in treatment and also predict the likelihood of recurrence of osteosarcoma in patients.
METHODS::Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulates the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma (OS), specifically lncRNA RP11-361F15.2 has been shown to play prominent roles in tumorigenesis. Previously, M2-Like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been identified to play a key role in cancer migration/invasion. Hence, it is essential to understand the role of RP11-361F15.2 in tumorigenesis and its association with M2-Like polarization of TAMs. The results indicate that RP11-361F15.2 is significantly increased in OS tissues, and its expression is positively correlated with cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) expression and negatively associated with miR-30c-5p expression. Further, overexpression of RP11-361F15.2 increased OS cell migration/invasion and M2-Like polarization of TAMs in vitro, as well as promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assays indicated that RP11-361F15.2 upregulated CPEB4 expression by competitively binding to miR-30c-5p. Further, we have identified that RP11-361F15.2 promotes CPEB4-mediated tumorigenesis and M2-Like polarization of TAMs through miR-30c-5p in OS. We also identified that RP11-361F15.2 acts as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) against miR-30c-5p thereby binding and activating CPEB4. This RP11-361F15.2/miR-30c-5p/CPEB4 loop could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OS.
METHODS:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to investigate potential correlations between pathologic fractures (PFs) and prognosis of patients with primary central high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 2,847 patients registered in the Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group database with primary central high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities, treated between 1980 and 2010. Intended treatment included pre- and postoperative chemotherapy and surgery. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed for all patients and then differentiated for adult and pediatric (≤ 18 years at time of diagnosis) patients. RESULTS:A total of 2,193 patients were ≤ 18 years of age; 11.3% of all patients had PFs. In the overall cohort, presence of PF correlated significantly with tumor site, histologic subtype, relative tumor size, and primary metastases, but not with body mass index or local surgical remission. In univariable analysis, 5-year overall survival (OAS) of patients with and without PF was 63% versus 71%, respectively (P = .007), and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 51% versus 58% (P = .026). In pediatric patients, OAS and EFS did not differ significantly between patients with and without PF. In adults, 5-year OAS in patients with and without PF was 46% versus 69% (P < .001), and 5-year EFS was 36% versus 56% (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, PF was not a statistically significant factor for OAS or EFS in the total cohort or in pediatric patients. In adult patients, PF remained an independent prognostic factor for OAS (P = .013; hazard ratio [HR], 1.893). It was not a significant prognostic factor for EFS (P = .263; HR, 1.312). CONCLUSION:In this largest study to date with extremity osteosarcomas, we observed the occurrence of PF to correlate with inferior OAS expectancies in adult but not in pediatric patients.