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Total Thyroidectomy Versus Lobectomy in Small Nodules Suspicious for Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
甲状腺全切术与肺叶切除术治疗可疑甲状腺乳头状癌的小结节: 成本-效果分析。
- 影响因子:2.32
- DOI:10.1002/lary.28634
- 作者列表:"Al-Qurayshi Z","Farag M","Shama MA","Ibraheem K","Randolph GW","Kandil E
- 发表时间:2020-04-02
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS:Recent American Thyroid Association Guidelines recommend either near-total/total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for patients with a thyroid nodule suspicious for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy (Bethesda V). In this analysis, we aim to assess the cost-effectiveness of lobectomy in comparison to total thyroidectomy. STUDY DESIGN:Cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS:A Markov model cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for a base case followed for 20 years postoperatively. Cost and probabilities data were retrieved from the current literature. Effectiveness was represented by quality-adjusted life year (QALY). RESULTS:Total thyroidectomy protocol produced an incremental cost of $2,681.36 and incremental effectiveness of -0.24 QALY as compared to lobectomy protocol (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] = -$11,188.85/QALY). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that total thyroidectomy becomes a cost-effective strategy only if the risk of stages III and IV PTC is 82.4% among patients with suspicious PTC on preoperative FNA. Lobectomy is cost effective and preferred over total thyroidectomy as long as lobectomy complications are less than 50%. CONCLUSIONS:Total thyroidectomy is not just cost prohibitive but also associated with a lower effectiveness compared to lobectomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:2c Laryngoscope, 2020.
摘要
目的/假设: 最近美国甲状腺协会指南推荐对可疑为甲状腺乳头状癌 (PTC) 的甲状腺结节患者进行甲状腺近全/全切除术或肺叶切除术细针穿刺 (FNA) 活检 (Bethesda V)。在这项分析中,我们的目标是评估肺叶切除术与全甲状腺切除术相比的成本效益。 研究设计: 成本效益分析。 方法: 对 1 例术后随访 20 年的基础病例进行 Markov 模型成本-效果分析。从当前文献中检索成本和概率数据。有效性以质量调整生命年 (QALY) 表示。 结果: 与肺叶切除术方案相比,全甲状腺切除术方案产生的增量成本为 2,681.36 美元,增量有效性为-0.24 QALY (增量成本效益比 [ICER] = -$11,188.85/QALY)。敏感性分析表明,只有在术前 FNA 上可疑 PTC 患者中,III 期和 IV 期 PTC 的风险为 82.4%,甲状腺全切术才成为一种成本效益高的策略。只要肺叶切除术并发症低于 50%,肺叶切除术就具有成本效益,优于全甲状腺切除术。 结论: 与肺叶切除术相比,全甲状腺切除术不仅成本高昂,而且疗效较低。 证据级别: 2c 喉镜,2020。
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METHODS:OBJECTIVES:To assess the prevalence of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and whether it differs between mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS:Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing HT prevalence in PTL, based on antithyroid antibodies, clinical history, or pathology. Pooled prevalence of HT and its association with histotype (MALT or DLBCL) were calculated. RESULTS:Thirty-eight studies with 1,346 PTLs were included. Pooled prevalence results were 78.9% (any HT evidence), 65.3% (antithyroid antibodies), 41.7% (clinical history), and 64% (pathology). HT prevalence was significantly higher in MALT lymphoma than in DLBCL (P = .007) and in mixed DLBCL/MALT than in pure DLBCL (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS:Overall, 78.9% of patients with PTL have any HT evidence, but only half of these had been clinically followed. The difference in HT prevalence suggests that a subset of DLBCL may not derive from MALT lymphoma.
METHODS:Background Whether chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) influences the risk of development and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of CLT on the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of PTC. Methods Two thousand nine hundred twenty-eight consecutive patients with PTC treated between 2009 and 2017 were divided into two groups: one with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and one without; 1174 (40%) of the patients had coincident CLT. Results In univariate analysis, CLT correlated positively with small tumor size, frequent extrathyroidal extension, multifocal diseases, and p53 but negatively with central lymph node (LN) metastasis and BRAF mutation. In multivariate analysis, CLT was associated with extrathyroidal extension and multifocal disease; however, it was not a prognostic factor for recurrence even though it was associated with two aggressive factors. Compared with patients with PTC alone, there were more retrieved central LNs in the PTC + CLT group, and these patients also underwent more invasive diagnostic tests such as fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen biopsy of LN. Conclusions The CLT patients with PTC had better behavior features and prognoses than did those with PTC alone despite frequent multifocality and extrathyroidal extension. However, precaution may be necessary to avoid performing invasive diagnostic procedures for lateral LN metastasis and to manage the patients appropriately.
METHODS::PTPN2 is one of the members of the protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs) family. To explore the promotive effect of upregulated PTPN2 induced by inflammatory response or oxidative stress on the progression of thyroid cancer. PTPN2 level in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines was detected. Kaplan-Meier method was applied for evaluating the prognostic value of PTPN2 in thyroid cancer patients. After stimulation of inflammatory response (treatment of IFN-γ and TNF-α), or oxidative stress (treatment of H2O2), protein level of PTPN2 in K1 cells was measured by Western blot. Regulatory effects of PTPN2 on EdU-positive staining and Ki-67 positive cell ratio in K1 cells either with H2O2 stimulation or not were determined. PTPN2 was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. Its level was higher in metastatic thyroid cancer patients than those of non-metastatic ones. High level of PTPN2 predicted worse prognosis of thyroid cancer. Treatment of either IFN-γ or TNF-α upregulated protein level of PTPN2 in K1 cells. Meanwhile, H2O2 stimulation upregulated PTPN2, which was reversed by NAC administration. With the stimulation of increased doses of H2O2, EdU-positive staining and Ki-67 positive cell ratio were dose-dependently elevated. Silence of PTPN2 attenuated proliferative ability and Ki-67 expression in K1 cells either with H2O2 stimulation or not. Inflammatory response or oxidative stress induces upregulation of PTPN2, thus promoting the progression of thyroid cancer.