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Role of CX3CR1 Signaling in Malignant Transformation of Gliomas.

CX3CR1 信号在胶质瘤恶性转化中的作用。

  • 影响因子:6.99
  • DOI:10.1093/neuonc/noaa075
  • 作者列表:"Lee S","Latha K","Manyam G","Yang Y","Rao A","Rao G
  • 发表时间:2020-04-01
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Chemokine signaling may contribute to progression of low grade gliomas (LGGs) by altering tumor behavior or impacting the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the role of CX3CR1 signaling in malignant transformation of LGGs. METHODS:Ninety patients with LGGs were genotyped for the presence of common CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism and examined for genotype dependent alterations in survival, gene expression, and tumor microenvironment. A genetically-engineered mouse model was leveraged to model endogenous intracranial gliomas with targeted expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, individually or in combination. RESULTS:LGG patients who were heterozygous (V/I; n = 43) or homozygous (I/I; n = 2) for the CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism had significantly improved median overall (14.8 versus 9.8 years, P < 0.05) and progression-free survival (8.6 versus 6.5 years, P < 0.05) compared to those with the wild type genotype (V/V; n = 45). Tumors from the V/I + I/I group exhibited significantly decreased levels of CCL2 and MMP9 transcripts, correlating with reduced intratumoral M2 macrophage infiltration and microvessel density. In an immunocompetent mouse model of LGGs, co-expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 promoted a more malignant tumor phenotype characterized by increased microglia/macrophage infiltration and microvessel density, resulting in shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS:CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism is associated with improved overall and progression-free survival in LGGs. CX3CR1 signaling enhances accumulation of tumor associated microglia/macrophages and angiogenesis during malignant transformation.

摘要

背景: 趋化因子信号可能通过改变肿瘤行为或影响肿瘤微环境而促进低级别胶质瘤 (LGGs) 的进展。在本研究中,我们研究了 CX3CR1 信号在 LGGs 恶性转化中的作用。 方法: 对 90 例 LGGs 患者进行常见 CX3CR1 V249I 多态性的基因分型,并检测生存、基因表达和肿瘤微环境的基因型依赖性改变。利用基因工程小鼠模型,单独或联合构建靶向表达 CX3CL1 和 CX3CR1 的内源性颅内胶质瘤模型。 结果: 杂合子 (V/I; n = 43) 或纯合子 (I/I; n = 2) 的 LGG 患者对于 CX3CR1 V249I 多态性,总体中位数 (14.8 vs 9.8 年,P <0.05) 和无进展生存期 (8.6 vs 6.5 年,P <0.05) 显著改善与野生型基因型相比 (V/V; n = 45)。V/I + I/I 组肿瘤 CCL2 和 MMP9 转录本水平显著降低,与瘤内 M2 巨噬细胞浸润减少和微血管密度降低有关。在 LGGs 的免疫活性小鼠模型中,CX3CL1 和 CX3CR1 的共表达促进了以小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞浸润和微血管密度增加为特征的更恶性肿瘤表型,导致生存期缩短。 结论: CX3CR1 V249I 多态性与 LGGs 总生存期和无进展生存期的改善相关。CX3CR1 信号增强恶性转化过程中肿瘤相关小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的积累和血管生成。

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影响因子:4.01
发表时间:2020-01-30
DOI:10.1002/mrm.28183
作者列表:["Tiwari V","Mashimo T","An Z","Vemireddy V","Piccirillo S","Askari P","Hulsey KM","Zhang S","de Graaf RA","Patel TR","Pan E","Mickey BE","Maher EA","Bachoo RM","Choi C"]

METHODS:PURPOSE:To generate a preclinical model of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas from glioma patients and design a MRS method to test the compatibility of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production between the preclinical model and patients. METHODS:Five patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were generated from two glioma patients with IDH1 R132H mutation. A PRESS sequence was tailored at 9.4 T, with computer simulation and phantom analyses, for improving 2HG detection in mice. 2HG and other metabolites in the PDX mice were measured using the optimized MRS at 9.4 T and compared with 3 T MRS measurements of the metabolites in the parental-tumor patients. Spectral fitting was performed with LCModel using in-house basis spectra. Metabolite levels were quantified with reference to water. RESULTS:The PRESS TE was optimized to be 96 ms, at which the 2HG 2.25 ppm signal was narrow and inverted, thereby leading to unequivocal separation of the 2HG resonance from adjacent signals from other metabolites. The optimized MRS provided precise detection of 2HG in mice compared to short-TE MRS at 9.4 T. The 2HG estimates in PDX mice were in excellent agreement with the 2HG measurements in the patients. CONCLUSION:The similarity of 2HG production between PDX models and parental-tumor patients indicates that PDX tumors retain the parental IDH metabolic fingerprint and can serve as a preclinical model for improving our understanding of the IDH-mutation associated metabolic reprogramming.

影响因子:3.29
发表时间:2020-01-31
来源期刊:BMC cancer
DOI:10.1186/s12885-020-6536-x
作者列表:["Ang SYL","Lee L","See AAQ","Ang TY","Ang BT","King NKK"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Gliomas consist of a heterogeneous group of tumors. This study aimed to report the incidences of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, 1p19q co-deletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutations, and inactivating mutations of alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) in high-grade gliomas in an ethnically diverse population. METHODS:Records of patients who underwent surgery for high-grade gliomas from January 2013 to March 2017 at our institution were obtained. The patients' age, gender, ethnicity, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), tumor location and biomarkers status were recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank test. RESULTS:181 patients were selected (56 with grade III gliomas, 125 with grade IV gliomas). In the grade III group, 55% had MGMT promoter methylation, 41% had 1p19q co-deletion, 35% had IDH1 mutation and none had ATRX loss. In the grade IV group, 30% had MGMT promoter methylation, 2% had 1p19q co-deletion, 15% had IDH1 mutation and 8% had ATRX loss. After adjusting for effects of age, surgery and pre-operative ADL statuses, only MGMT promoter methylation was found to be significantly associated with longer overall survival time in grade III (p = 0.024) and IV patients (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS:The incidences of MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1 mutation were found to be comparable to globally reported rates, but those of 1p19q co-deletion and ATRX loss seemed to be lower in our cohort. MGMT promoter methylation was associated with increased overall survival in our cohort and might serve as favorable prognostic factor.

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影响因子:5.34
发表时间:2020-01-31
DOI:10.1186/s13046-020-1534-z
作者列表:["Abbruzzese C","Matteoni S","Persico M","Villani V","Paggi MG"]

METHODS:BACKGROUND:Glioblastoma multiforme is a CNS cancer characterized by diffuse infiltrative growth, aggressive clinical behavior and very poor prognosis. The state-of-art clinical approach to this disease consists of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Tumor recurrence occurs in virtually all cases, therefore, despite any treatment, the median survival is very low (14.6 months), which makes the approach to these patients a challenging clinical issue. MAIN BODY:The escalating costs and times required for new medications to reach the bedside make repurposing or repositioning of old drugs, when scientific bases allow their use in other pathologies, an appealing strategy. Here, we analyze a number of literature data concerning the antipsychotic chlorpromazine, the founder of the phenothiazines class of drugs, a medication widely used in the clinics for approximately 60 years. The drug exerts its effects on psychiatric patients by interfering with the dopamine receptor D2, although more recent pharmacodynamics studies ascribe chlorpromazine a series of biological effects on cancer cells, all converging in hindering also glioblastoma survival capabilities. SHORT CONCLUSIONS:On these bases, and assisted by the information on the well-established chlorpromazine toxicity and dosage in humans, we designed a Phase II clinical trial involving the combination of chlorpromazine with the standard treatment, temozolomide, in the adjuvant phase of the therapeutic protocol. Patients displaying hypo-methylation of the MGMT gene, and thus intrinsically resistant to temozolomide, will be enrolled. The endpoints of this study are the analysis of toxicity and clinical activity, as evaluated in terms of Progression-Free Survival, of the association of chlorpromazine with the first-line treatment for this very serious form of cancer.

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