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S100 proteins in obesity: liaisons dangereuses.
S100 蛋白在肥胖中的作用: 联系是危险的。
- 影响因子:6.50
- DOI:10.1007/s00018-019-03257-4
- 作者列表:"Riuzzi F","Chiappalupi S","Arcuri C","Giambanco I","Sorci G","Donato R
- 发表时间:2020-01-01
Abstract
:Obesity is an endemic pathophysiological condition and a comorbidity associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The adipose tissue of obese subjects shows hypertrophic adipocytes, adipocyte hyperplasia, and chronic low-grade inflammation. S100 proteins are Ca2+-binding proteins exclusively expressed in vertebrates in a cell-specific manner. They have been implicated in the regulation of a variety of functions acting as intracellular Ca2+ sensors transducing the Ca2+ signal and extracellular factors affecting cellular activity via ligation of a battery of membrane receptors. Certain S100 proteins, namely S100A4, the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer and S100B, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-promoting macrophage-based inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation end-products ligation. Also, serum levels of S100A4, S100A8/S100A9, S100A12, and S100B correlate with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, metabolic risk score, and fat cell size. Yet, secreted S100B appears to exert neurotrophic effects on sympathetic fibers in brown adipose tissue contributing to the larger sympathetic innervation of this latter relative to white adipose tissue. In the present review we first briefly introduce S100 proteins and then critically examine their role(s) in adipose tissue and obesity.
摘要
: 肥胖是一种地方性病理生理状况,与高胆固醇血症、高血压、心血管疾病、 2 型糖尿病和癌症相关的共病。肥胖受试者的脂肪组织显示出肥大脂肪细胞、脂肪细胞增生和慢性低度炎症。S100 蛋白是专门在脊椎动物中以细胞特异性方式表达的Ca2 + 结合蛋白。它们参与调节多种功能,这些功能作为胞内Ca2 + 传感器,转导Ca2 + 信号和通过连接膜受体组影响细胞活性的胞外因子。某些S100 蛋白,即S100A4 、S100A8/S100A9 异二聚体和S100B,通过toll样受体 4 和/或晚期糖基化终产物连接受体参与肥胖促进的基于巨噬细胞的炎症的病理生理学。此外,S100A4 、S100A8/S100A9 、S100A12 和S100B的血清水平与胰岛素抵抗/2 型糖尿病、代谢风险评分和脂肪细胞大小相关。然而,分泌的S100B似乎对棕色脂肪组织中的交感神经纤维发挥神经营养作用,有助于后者相对于白色脂肪组织的更大的交感神经支配。在本综述中,我们首先简要介绍S100 蛋白,然后严格检查它们在脂肪组织和肥胖中的作用。
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METHODS::Obesity is an endemic pathophysiological condition and a comorbidity associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The adipose tissue of obese subjects shows hypertrophic adipocytes, adipocyte hyperplasia, and chronic low-grade inflammation. S100 proteins are Ca2+-binding proteins exclusively expressed in vertebrates in a cell-specific manner. They have been implicated in the regulation of a variety of functions acting as intracellular Ca2+ sensors transducing the Ca2+ signal and extracellular factors affecting cellular activity via ligation of a battery of membrane receptors. Certain S100 proteins, namely S100A4, the S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer and S100B, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity-promoting macrophage-based inflammation via toll-like receptor 4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation end-products ligation. Also, serum levels of S100A4, S100A8/S100A9, S100A12, and S100B correlate with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, metabolic risk score, and fat cell size. Yet, secreted S100B appears to exert neurotrophic effects on sympathetic fibers in brown adipose tissue contributing to the larger sympathetic innervation of this latter relative to white adipose tissue. In the present review we first briefly introduce S100 proteins and then critically examine their role(s) in adipose tissue and obesity.
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