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Association of Preeclampsia in Term Births With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring.
足月分娩先兆子痫与后代神经发育障碍的相关性。
- 影响因子:8.46
- DOI:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0306
- 作者列表:"Sun BZ","Moster D","Harmon QE","Wilcox AJ
- 发表时间:2020-04-01
Abstract
Importance:Preeclampsia during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of cerebral palsy in offspring. Less is known about the role of preeclampsia in other neurodevelopmental disorders. Objective:To determine the association between preeclampsia and a range of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring after excluding preterm births. Design, Setting, and Participants:This prospective, population-based cohort study included singleton children born at term from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2009, and followed up through December 31, 2014 (to 5 years of age), using Norway's Medical Birth Registry and linked to other demographic, social, and health information by Statistics Norway. Data were analyzed from May 30, 2018, to November 17, 2019. Exposures:Maternal preeclampsia. Main Outcomes and Measures:Associations between preeclampsia in term pregnancies and cerebral palsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, intellectual disability, and vision or hearing loss using multivariable logistic regression. Results:The cohort consisted of 980 560 children born at term (48.8% female and 51.2% male; mean [SD] gestational age, 39.8 [1.4] weeks) with a mean (SD) follow-up of 14.0 (5.6) years. Among these children, 28 068 (2.9%) were exposed to preeclampsia. Exposed children were at increased risk of ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.33), ASD (adjusted OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08-1.54), epilepsy (adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.16-1.93), and intellectual disability (adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.13-1.97); there was also an apparent association between preeclampsia exposure and cerebral palsy (adjusted OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.94-1.80). Conclusions and Relevance:Preeclampsia is a well-established threat to the mother. Other than the hazards associated with preterm delivery, the risks to offspring from preeclampsia are usually regarded as less important. This study's findings suggest that preeclampsia at term may have lasting effects on neurodevelopment of the child.
摘要
重要性: 妊娠期先兆子痫与后代脑瘫风险增加有关。关于子痫前期在其他神经发育障碍中的作用知之甚少。 目的: 确定子痫前期与排除早产后后代一系列不良神经发育结局之间的相关性。 设计、地点和参与者: 这项前瞻性、基于人群的队列研究包括 1991年1月1日至 2009年12月31日出生的单胎儿童,并随访至 2014年12月31日 (至 5 岁),利用挪威的医学出生登记处并与其他人口、社会、和挪威统计局的健康信息。对 2018年5月30日至 2019年11月17日的数据进行分析。 暴露: 母体先兆子痫。 主要结局和措施: 足月妊娠先兆子痫与脑瘫、注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 、自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 、癫痫、智力障碍、使用多变量 logistic 回归分析视力或听力损失。 结果: 该队列包括足月出生的 980 560 名儿童 (48.8% 名女性和 51.2% 名男性; 平均 [SD] 孕龄,39.8 [1.4] 周),平均 (SD) 随访 14.0 (5.6) 年。在这些儿童中,28 例 (2.9%) 暴露于子痫前期。暴露儿童 ADHD 风险增加 (校正比值比 [OR],1.18; 95% CI,1.05-1.33),ASD (校正 OR,1.29; 95% CI, 1.08-1.54) 、癫痫 (校正 OR,1.50; 95% CI,1.16-1.93) 和智力障碍 (校正 OR,1.50; 95% CI,1.13-1.97);先兆子痫暴露与脑瘫之间也有明显的相关性 (校正 OR,1.30; 95% CI,0.94-1.80)。 结论和相关性: 先兆子痫对母亲是一个公认的威胁。除了与早产相关的危害之外,子痫前期对后代的风险通常被认为不太重要。这项研究的结果表明,子痫前期在足月时可能对儿童的神经发育有持久的影响。
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METHODS::Maternal lifestyle affects both mother health and pregnancy outcome in humans. Several studies have demonstrated that interventions oriented towards reducing stress and anxiety have positive effects on pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, excessive gestational weight, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. In this work, we showed that the environmental enrichment (EE), defined as a noninvasive and biological significant stimulus of the sensory pathway combined with voluntary physical activity, prevented preterm birth (PTB) rate in a 41% in an inflammatory mouse model induced by the systemic administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we found that EE modulates maternal metabolism and produces an anti-inflammatory environment that contributes to pregnancy maintenance. In pregnant mice uterus, EE reduces the expression of TLR4 and CD14 (the LPS receptor and its coactivator protein), preventing the LPS-induced increase in PGE2 and PGF2α release and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. In cervical tissue, EE inhibits cervical ripening events, such as PGE2 release, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 increased activity and neutrophil recruitment, therefore conserving cervical function. It seems that EE exposure could mimic the stress and anxiety-reducing techniques mentioned above, explaining, at least partially, the beneficial effects of having a healthy lifestyle before and during gestation. Furthermore, we propose that designing an EE protocol for humans could be a noninvasive and preventive therapy for pregnancy complications, averting pre-term birth occurrence and dreaded sequelae that are present in the offspring born to soon.
METHODS:PROBLEM:We aimed to investigate the main causes of recurrent miscarriage (RM) in patients with losses after spontaneous gestation (SG) and after in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHOD OF STUDY:A prospective case-control study was conducted. The eligible patients were women who had experienced two or more consecutive abortions after less than 12 weeks gestation, two consecutive losses after SG or two consecutive losses after IVF. All patients were subjected to the following evaluations: karyotyping of the aborted material, alloimmune and autoimmune marker testing, and acquired and hereditary thrombophilia marker testing. RESULTS:In total, 58 patients were eligible: 32 patients with RM after SG and 26 patients with RM after IVF. The factors associated with RM were genetic (29%), immune (14%), thrombophilic (21%), and thrombophilic and immune (24%), and only 12% of the cases were idiopathic. Comparing the two study groups (SG and IVF), all studied factors were similar, except for a higher ANA positivity observed in the SG group (SG 30.4% versus IVF 5.3%, OR 8.6 (CI 1.1 - 21.1, P 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:Our study identified the possibly factors associated with recurrent miscarriage in 86% of the cases, and these factors appear to be similar in patients with recurrent miscarriage after spontaneous gestation and IVF. This study demonstrates that IVF with PGT-A with euploid embryo transfer could reduce abortions by up to 29%, but other factors needs to be investigated even in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization.
METHODS:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of pre-operative Music Therapy (MT) on pain in first-trimester abortion under local anaesthesia (ALA). DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial comparing patients undergoing a first-trimester ALA with or without a pre-operative MT session. SETTING:University hospital of Angers from November 2016 to August 2017. POPULATION:Patients who underwent first-trimester abortion under ALA. METHODS:Patients allocated to MT group underwent a pre-operative 20 minutes session of MT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) just before the procedure, during the procedure, at the end of the procedure and upon returning to the ward. RESULTS:159 patients were randomised (80 in MT group, and 79 in the control group). 2 patients were excluded from the control group and 6 from the MT group. Therefore, 77 patients were analysed in the control group and 74 in the MT group. The intensity of pain were similar in both the MT group and the Control group just before the procedure (VAS: 4.0±2.9 vs. 3.6±2.5, p=0.78), during the procedure (VAS: 5.3±2.5 vs. 4.9±2.9, p=0.78), at the end of the procedure (VAS: 2.7±2.4 vs. 2.6±2.4, p=0.43) and upon returning to the ward (VAS:1.8±2.0 vs. 1.5±2.0, p=0.84). The difference in pain between entering the department and returning to the room after the procedure was similar between the MT and Control groups (0.3±2.5 vs. 0.3±2.4 VAS levels difference; p=0.92). CONCLUSION:Music therapy session before an ALA procedure resulted in no improvement in patient perception of pain during a first-trimester abortion.