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The impact of educational attainment on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in two successive pregnancies of Finnish primiparous women: a population-based cohort study.
教育程度对芬兰初产妇连续两次妊娠妊娠期糖尿病发生的影响: 一项基于人群的队列研究。
- 影响因子:2.86
- DOI:10.1007/s00592-020-01517-5
- 作者列表:"Rönö K","Masalin S","Kautiainen H","Gissler M","Eriksson JG","Laine MK
- 发表时间:2020-04-02
Abstract
AIMS:To assess the impact of educational attainment on the occurrence and recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in two successive pregnancies in primiparous women. METHODS:This is a population-based observational cohort study including all 2347 Finnish women without previously diagnosed diabetes, aged ≥ 20 years from the city of Vantaa, Finland, who gave birth to their first and second child between 2009 and 2015. National registries provided data on study participants. We divided the population into four groups according to the presence of GDM in the two pregnancies (GDM-/-, n = 1820; GDM-/+, n = 223; GDM+/-, n = 113; GDM+/+, n = 191). RESULTS:The occurrence of GDM in the first pregnancy was 13.0% (n = 304) and 17.6% (n = 414) in the second. The recurrence rate of GDM was 62.8%. The four groups did not differ in relation to educational attainment (p = 0.11). In multinomial regression analysis, educational attainment protected from GDM in the second pregnancy [relative risk ratio 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-0.99) per year of schooling for being GDM-/+ compared with GDM-/-]. In multivariate logistics models, prepregnancy body mass index at the first pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) 1.53 per 1-standard deviation (SD) (95% CI 1.22-1.91)], first-born birth weight z-score [OR 1.30 per 1-SD (95% CI 1.00-1.67)], and inter-pregnancy weight change [OR 1.66 per 1-SD (95% CI 1.27-2.16)], but not educational attainment, predicted recurrence of GDM. CONCLUSIONS:The recurrence rate of GDM was high. Education protected from novel GDM in the second pregnancy, but was not associated with GDM recurrence.
摘要
目的: 评估受教育程度对初产妇连续两次妊娠妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 发生和复发的影响。 方法: 这是一项基于人群的观察性队列研究,包括来自芬兰万塔市的所有 2347 名既往无糖尿病的芬兰女性,年龄 ≥ 20 岁,世卫组织于 2015 和 2009年生了第一个和第二个孩子。国家登记处提供了研究参与者的数据。我们根据两次妊娠中是否存在 GDM 将人群分为四组 (GDM-/-,n = 1820; GDM-/+,n = 223; GDM +/-,n = 113; GDM +/+,n = 191)。 结果: 第 1 次妊娠 GDM 发生率为 13.0% (n = 304),第 2 次妊娠 GDM 发生率为 17.6% (n = 414)。GDM 复发率为 62.8%。四组在受教育程度方面没有差异 (p = 0.11)。在多项回归分析中,教育程度在第二次妊娠中免受 GDM 的影响 [相对风险比 0.93 (95% 置信区间 (CI) 0.86-0.99) 与 GDM-/-] 相比,每年接受 GDM-/+ 教育。在多变量 logistics 模型中,首次妊娠时孕前体重指数 [比值比 (OR) 1.53 每 1-标准差 (SD) (95% CI 1.22-1.91)],第一出生出生体重 z 评分 [OR 1.30 per 1-SD (95% CI 1.00-1.67)],和妊娠间体重变化 [OR 1.66 per 1-SD (95% CI 1.27-2.16)],但不是教育程度,预示着 GDM 的复发。 结论: GDM 复发率高。教育在第二次妊娠时免受新发 GDM 的影响,但与 GDM 复发无关。
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METHODS::Maternal lifestyle affects both mother health and pregnancy outcome in humans. Several studies have demonstrated that interventions oriented towards reducing stress and anxiety have positive effects on pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, excessive gestational weight, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. In this work, we showed that the environmental enrichment (EE), defined as a noninvasive and biological significant stimulus of the sensory pathway combined with voluntary physical activity, prevented preterm birth (PTB) rate in a 41% in an inflammatory mouse model induced by the systemic administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we found that EE modulates maternal metabolism and produces an anti-inflammatory environment that contributes to pregnancy maintenance. In pregnant mice uterus, EE reduces the expression of TLR4 and CD14 (the LPS receptor and its coactivator protein), preventing the LPS-induced increase in PGE2 and PGF2α release and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. In cervical tissue, EE inhibits cervical ripening events, such as PGE2 release, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 increased activity and neutrophil recruitment, therefore conserving cervical function. It seems that EE exposure could mimic the stress and anxiety-reducing techniques mentioned above, explaining, at least partially, the beneficial effects of having a healthy lifestyle before and during gestation. Furthermore, we propose that designing an EE protocol for humans could be a noninvasive and preventive therapy for pregnancy complications, averting pre-term birth occurrence and dreaded sequelae that are present in the offspring born to soon.
METHODS:PROBLEM:We aimed to investigate the main causes of recurrent miscarriage (RM) in patients with losses after spontaneous gestation (SG) and after in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHOD OF STUDY:A prospective case-control study was conducted. The eligible patients were women who had experienced two or more consecutive abortions after less than 12 weeks gestation, two consecutive losses after SG or two consecutive losses after IVF. All patients were subjected to the following evaluations: karyotyping of the aborted material, alloimmune and autoimmune marker testing, and acquired and hereditary thrombophilia marker testing. RESULTS:In total, 58 patients were eligible: 32 patients with RM after SG and 26 patients with RM after IVF. The factors associated with RM were genetic (29%), immune (14%), thrombophilic (21%), and thrombophilic and immune (24%), and only 12% of the cases were idiopathic. Comparing the two study groups (SG and IVF), all studied factors were similar, except for a higher ANA positivity observed in the SG group (SG 30.4% versus IVF 5.3%, OR 8.6 (CI 1.1 - 21.1, P 0.048). CONCLUSIONS:Our study identified the possibly factors associated with recurrent miscarriage in 86% of the cases, and these factors appear to be similar in patients with recurrent miscarriage after spontaneous gestation and IVF. This study demonstrates that IVF with PGT-A with euploid embryo transfer could reduce abortions by up to 29%, but other factors needs to be investigated even in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization.
METHODS:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the impact of pre-operative Music Therapy (MT) on pain in first-trimester abortion under local anaesthesia (ALA). DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial comparing patients undergoing a first-trimester ALA with or without a pre-operative MT session. SETTING:University hospital of Angers from November 2016 to August 2017. POPULATION:Patients who underwent first-trimester abortion under ALA. METHODS:Patients allocated to MT group underwent a pre-operative 20 minutes session of MT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) just before the procedure, during the procedure, at the end of the procedure and upon returning to the ward. RESULTS:159 patients were randomised (80 in MT group, and 79 in the control group). 2 patients were excluded from the control group and 6 from the MT group. Therefore, 77 patients were analysed in the control group and 74 in the MT group. The intensity of pain were similar in both the MT group and the Control group just before the procedure (VAS: 4.0±2.9 vs. 3.6±2.5, p=0.78), during the procedure (VAS: 5.3±2.5 vs. 4.9±2.9, p=0.78), at the end of the procedure (VAS: 2.7±2.4 vs. 2.6±2.4, p=0.43) and upon returning to the ward (VAS:1.8±2.0 vs. 1.5±2.0, p=0.84). The difference in pain between entering the department and returning to the room after the procedure was similar between the MT and Control groups (0.3±2.5 vs. 0.3±2.4 VAS levels difference; p=0.92). CONCLUSION:Music therapy session before an ALA procedure resulted in no improvement in patient perception of pain during a first-trimester abortion.