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The neural correlates of reaching focal points.
到达焦点的神经相关性。
- 影响因子:3.24
- DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107397
- 作者列表:"Chowdhury A","Liu C","Yu R
- 发表时间:2020-02-19
Abstract
:In pure-coordination games where there are multiple Nash equilibria, the selection of coordinated responses is inexplicable by rational-choice theory - yet coordination is ubiquitous in daily interactions. The psychological game theory therefore evokes the idea of focal-points: some equilibria being chosen due to its salience, as well as through predicting (i.e., mentalizing) other's response. Previous work has been limited to investigating how structural atrophy relates to deficits in coordination, or how brain activations differ between intuitive and deliberated coordination. In this study, we investigated how the strategy of coordination is reflected in the brain, compared to when no coordination is required. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we examined the neural correlates of deriving a response to a category where participants had to either answer freely (i.e., a survey) or try to match their response with another participant (i.e., coordinate). We found that the coordination trials elicited significantly larger changes in oxyhemoglobin [HbO] concentration than survey trials in frontopolar and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Individual differences in behavioral focal index was significantly correlated with [HbO] concentration in lateral PFC. Granger Causality (GC) analysis revealed greater effective connectivity from frontopolar to lateral PFC, and less GC from lateral PFC to frontopolar in the coordination condition. Our findings highlight the crucial role of frontopolar and lateral PFC in human coordination.
摘要
: 在存在多重纳什均衡的纯协调博弈中,理性选择理论无法解释协调反应的选择 -- 然而协调在日常互动中无处不在。因此,心理博弈论唤起了焦点的想法: 一些平衡由于其显著性而被选择,以及通过预测 (即心理化) 他人的反应。以前的工作仅限于研究结构萎缩如何与协调缺陷相关,或者大脑激活在直觉和深思熟虑的协调之间如何不同。在这项研究中,我们调查了与不需要协调相比,协调策略是如何在大脑中反映出来的。使用功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS),我们检查了对参与者必须自由回答的类别 (i。 e., 调查) 或尝试将他们的回答与另一个参与者 (i。 e., 坐标)。我们发现,协调试验引起的氧合血红蛋白 [HbO] 浓度的变化显著大于额额叶和外侧前额叶皮层 (PFC) 的调查试验。行为焦点指数的个体差异与侧 PFC 中的 [HbO] 浓度显著相关。Granger 因果关系 (GC) 分析揭示了在协调条件下,从额叶到外侧 PFC 的有效连通性更大,从外侧 PFC 到额叶 PFC 的 GC 更少。我们的研究结果强调了额叶和外侧 PFC 在人类协调中的关键作用。
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METHODS:BACKGROUND:Early accounts of forced thought were reported at the onset of a focal seizure, and characterized as vague, repetitive, and involuntary intellectual auras distinct from perceptual or psychic hallucinations or illusions. Here, we examine the neural underpinnings involved in conceptual thought by presenting a series of 3 patients with epilepsy reporting intrusive thoughts during electrical stimulation of the left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during invasive surgical evaluation. We illustrate the widespread networks involved through two independent brain imaging modalities: resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (rs-fMRI) and task-based meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM). METHODS:We report the clinical and stimulation characteristics of three patients with left hemispheric language dominance who demonstrate forced thought with functional mapping. To examine the brain networks underlying this phenomenon, we used the regions of interest (ROI) centered at the active electrode pairs. We modeled functional networks using two approaches: (1) rs-fMRI functional connectivity analysis, representing 81 healthy controls and (2) meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), representing 8260 healthy subjects. We also determined the overlapping regions between these three subjects' rs-fMRI and MACM networks through a conjunction analysis. RESULTS:We identified that left PFC was associated with a large-scale functional network including frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, a network that has been associated with multiple cognitive functions including semantics, speech, attention, working memory, and explicit memory. CONCLUSIONS:We illustrate the neural networks involved in conceptual thought through a unique patient population and argue that PFC supports this function through activation of a widespread network.